Examples Of Ambiguity

Both domestic and international measures are somewhat effective in dealing with international crime. Both crimes against the international community and Transnational crimes represent both positive outcomes in dealing with international crime, thus, exemplify issues in key areas. Through intergovernmental organizations such as the International Criminal Court and Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB), international crime Is effectively dealt with. Hence, problems such as extradition and people smuggling are hard to contain. These four issues will also be discussed in light of key effectiveness criteria, including equality, access, resources and the protection of rights.

The globalization of crime has become a renowned problem for the law worldwide; as societies become more interconnected, an act in one country can have repercussions in another which is across another continent. This is primarily down to technological developments, as nowadays communication between countries is simple compared to decades ago. Alongside this transport is also a major problem, as it means that illegal activities can take place in more than one country as goods are transferred between the two, allowing the criminal world to reach all corners of the world.

The recurring theme of ambiguity is utilized by Morrison in Recitatif to cause the reader to question racial boundaries, and to show that the divide between the races in American culture is dependent on blacks and whites defining themselves in opposition to one another.

Ambiguity in The Turn of the Screw The Turn of the Screw, is a tale about two young children who live under the care of their newly hired governess out in the countryside at Bly. Shortly after the governess’s arrival, two ghosts sporadically appear to her, but it is not long before she realizes that they are not there to see her. “On the spot there came to me the added shock of certitude that it was not for me he had come there. He had come for someone else” (James 34). Also, it just so happened that the people who the ghosts decided to come for, where the children she would now be looking after.

The author of Skellig, David Almond uses a lot of ambiguity in the book. Ambiguity makes the reader want to read more and find out the ending/solution. Skellig is an ambiguous character of the book, and his very slowly revealed; even at the end his identity turns out to be very vague. One of the examples in the book is “He was lying there in the darkness behind the tea chests, in the dust and dirt. It was as if he’d been there forever.”

Environmental have numerous of victims and dreadful consequence. The pollution does not only impact one area, but it spread to other areas. For example, China's air pollution travelled across the Pacific Ocean into the Western United States. The air’s quality in the United States is affected by China’s export goods (Wong, 2014). Therefore, environmental white collar crime is overlooked by the government. Not many people notice the corporation’s improper disposal as opposed to ordinary citizen littering. According to studies, “environmental crime has been identified as one of the most profitable and fastest growing areas of international criminal activity, with increasing involvement of organized criminal networks.” (Skinnider, 2011) The outcome may not be significance; conversely, the consequences can cumulate as time goes by creating a lingering

In this reading, Carolyn Nordstrom is juggling through a process of exploration about ethnographic and theoretical aspects of `shadows'/illegitimate/illegal. The interconnecting of vast transnational networks of goods, services, people and exchanges that flow outside formal and legal state channels and manipulate international laws for selfish interests of influential group. These networks involve millions of people and more than a trillion dollars yearly worldwide, and my research demonstrates these are more formalized, integrated and rule-bound than traditional studies have suggested. Thus, `shadow' networks broker political, economic and social power that can rival many of the world's states, and they are profoundly implicated in world markets. This article explores core characteristics and cultures defining extant extra-state systems, and the power and potentialities for social sovereignty they wield. Investigation into shadow realities prompts a reassessment of the basic theoretical ideas concerning the nexus of legality/illegality, state/non-state and formal/non-formal power relations defining the world today.

Economic Crime have been an action that has been known throughout its history. Economic crime is defined as the demonstration perpetrated infringing upon the criminal law with the end goal of fiscal pick up and money related advantages. It is also known to have three different types of categories which they are; Blue- Collar crimes which is “Common law theft crimes such as larceny, burglary, arson” (Siegel 380). Secondly, White- Collar crimes which is defined as; “crimes that involve business enterprise such as embezzlement, price fixing and bribery” (Siegel 380). Lastly, the Green- Collar crimes; which is violations of laws designed to protect the environment. This terms provided us with overall view of how thefts committee their crime, not

The author is Laureen Snider from Queen’ University in Canada. This source makes three main arguments; firstly that the brand of state regulation known as corporate crime has disappeared, secondly it has been argued into obsolescence through specialised knowledge claims advanced through particular discourses by powerful elites, an thirdly that the acceptance of these knowledge claims cannot be understood without examining the relationship to the corporate counter-revolution that has legitimised practically every acquisitive, profit generating act of the corporate sector. The article argues that criminal law does not work in areas that concern crimes of the powerful; for example marketing unsafe products, maintaining unsafe workplaces, defrauding workers, dumping waste and misrepresenting or not disclosing the risks of products. Source Two Citizen Works is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, tax-exempt organization founded by Ralph Nader in April 2001 set up to advance justice by strengthening citizen participation in power. The organization claims to “give people the tools and opportunities to build democracy”.

Global crimes cause global issues that affect the national and international justice system. For more than 20 years, as the world economy has globalized, so has its illicit counterpart. The international impact of global crime has risen to record levels. The increase in international crime represents the dark side of globalization. Transnational criminal organizations have utilized ever-changing technologies and adapted intricate network structures that are difficult to trace and stop, and have expanded their criminal activities. This has resulted in an unmatched scale of international crime.

Opponents to making Ecocide an international crime argue that it could hypothetically criminalise the whole of humanity, as we are all to blame in one way or another, due to our constant usage of technology. There are then some parts within the idea of Ecocide that suggest naturally occurring elements, with critics therefore arguing that it would therefore be impossible to criminalise an act that was not anybody’s fault in particular. There is also the argument that there will be resistance from up and coming powers in the world, and then I mention the powers that are the BRICs, which helps to show that countries that rely on major resources to grow will be more wary when accepting it as a crime.

The solution to the faulty global supply chain, presented by Timothy Smith’s Climate Change: Corporate Sustainability in the Supply Chain, lies within including environmental sustainability into; transnational policy regimes, technological development, and consumptive behavior of society. The legitimacy, authority, and effectiveness of environmental sustainability must come from transnational policy regimes. Supply chains are global from start to finish. As such, the problems associated within the supply chain stem across many different political boundaries and jurisdictions. Only a transnational policy regime, whether it be an existing organization like the United Nations or a new entity, can effectively fulfill the burden of fixing the global supply chain. Over seventy percent of all emissions come from the supply chain (Suh). Environmental sustainability is something many groups are working towards—like the Carbon Disclosure Project-- but, because environmental sustainability lacks legitimacy, authority or effectiveness, these ventures aren’t treated like corporate projects, but rather, pet projects. Likewise, Timothy Smith’s Climate Change: Corporate Sustainability in the Supply Chain, takes into account the expensive nature of enforcement, “Conducting audits is expensive, but the risks

White collar crimes are those that are executed at the corporate level and have a significant role in causing environmental crimes. They are usually caused by both the old and young generation because they tend to be multifaceted in nature and may be committed at an organizational level or as a personal decision (Mol, 2016). They have been particularly relevant when conceptualized in the context of green crime as it relates to committing white crimes when the environment is involved. By definition, green crime is the type of crime that is done by corporation when there is a breakage of the laws that are intended at protecting the land. It thus follows that w green-collar criminal is that who whose actions have a similar outcome especially when their crimes are based on motives destined to cause harm to the environment. Environmental pollution has taken the form of white crimes that are committed at the corporate level and have been further complicated through colluding with government official, which has made it difficult to identify the culprits (Wyatt et al., 2014).

The porosity of the borders of most ECOWAS countries has led to the mammoth rise in the rate of cross border crimes, ranging from drug trafficking, human trafficking, tax evasion to money laundering. This rise has not only expanded, but has multiplied these crimes to a more sophisticated type with a crippling effect on the local economy and international relations of these countries.

Part I of this essay examines the nature and organisation of corporate environmental crime. Part II explores the offenders of corporate environmental crime. Part III determines the risk factors for corporate offending. Finally, Part IV analyses environmental regulations.