Examples Of Bias In The Bureaucracy

When looking up the definition of a government it says, “the governing body of a nation, state, or community”(dictionary.com). This helps to understand it a bit more, but what is the purpose of a government. Government has many purposes that keep its people safe and protected, this includes to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. There are so many ways that the government is use and there are so many sub categories and even those have categories. So when one is faced with a question like this there any number of responses, and but the main purpose of a

The Act has undergone several changes and additions since its passage, but the U.S. Supreme Court found a key provision of the Act unconstitutional in 2013. The act significantly widened the franchise and is considered among the most far-reaching pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history.” (Staff 3). In the article, Voting Rights Act, author Staff states, “The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States.” (Staff 2). Even though all these efforts and laws were made to give everyone a fair and equal chance to vote, there are still many restrictions and setbacks everywhere in today 's society and the major ones are Voter ID laws, Voter registration restrictions, State felon disenfranchisement policies, Purging of Voter Rolls, Transgender Disenfranchisement, Disinformation about Voting Procedures, Inequality in Election Day Resources, and Caging Lists.

Soon after passage of the Voting Rights Act, federal examiners were conducting voter registration, and black voter registration began a sharp increase. The cumulative effect of the Supreme Court’s decisions, Congress’ enactment of voting rights legislation, and the ongoing efforts of concerned private citizens and the Department of Justice, has been to restore the right to vote guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The Voting Rights Act itself has been called the single most effective piece of civil rights legislation ever passed by

Throughout America’s history the franchise has been withheld from different groups. This has been possible due to weakly written laws that do not provide adequate protections. In 1965 PL 89-110 was passed, this law, commonly known as the Voting Rights Act of 1965, finally provided real protections for minorities living in southern states. In recent years the language of the law was modified within the Supreme Court to take away the law’s primary power. In the following mock Congressional testimony we will go back to 1848, 13 years before the American Civil War, and provide evidence of why a law like PL 89-110 is necessary and commendable.

Nearly 100 years after the 15th amendment was ratified, vast disparities and blatant discrimination in voting process and practice were still pervasive, particularly in certain southern states like Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The 1965 Voting Rights Act (VRA) was enacted by congress to address this enduring inequity. Section 5 of the VRA requires that states meeting criteria set out in section 4(b) of the act, must obtain federal “preclearance” before enacting any laws that affect voting. Section 4(b) provides the conditions for the preclearance requirement as state or jurisdictions where less than 50% of minorities were registered to vote in 1964.

Throughout the Reconstruction period in the United States after the Civil War, African American’s were given many new rights, such as citizenship and the right to vote. One of these new rights was enacted in 1869, the Fifteenth Amendment, which gave African American men the right to vote. Many southern states, however, did not approve of this new amendment and sought ways to prevent African Americans from voting. Post-confederate, Democratic states found ways to disenfranchise the African American community. Preventive actions ranged in severity from murder and lynching, to fraudulent actions at the ballots, and even enforcing new state laws to prevent African American votes. The newly created Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment were supposed

Many African American voters all across the country were disenfranchised by being turned away or not having their vote counted due to errors. Over 1.9 million# Americans cast ballots which were either rejected or not counted, and roughly 1 million of them belonged to African Americans nationwide. Florida’s Gadsden County, which had the highest percentage of African Americans in the whole state, disregarded and did not count 1 out of every 8 ballots cast. One of the reasons votes were not being counted was due to ‘stray marks’. Stray marks render votes invalid as it is unclear who the voter was choosing, because it appeared as if they chose more than one candidate. Another was when the voter writes in a candidate’s name, as the machine or person cannot understand what the intention was therefore the vote goes to neither candidate and is disregarded. In many cases, African Americans wrote in ‘Al Gore’, however, optical reading machines marked these as rejects because ‘Al’ was interpreted as a stray mark. Of the nearly 180,000 ballots that were cast out by Florida officials, 53% of them belonged to African American voters. In the more caucasian districts such as Tallahassee, everything seemed to run smoothly, it was almost unheard of to hear about an uncounted or discarded ballot. In contrast, in the predominantly African American populated districts, hundreds of African Americans showed up at the polls to have their votes simply disappear, and this was even after if they managed to escape the purge

Nearly a century after the Confederacy’s guns fell silent, the racial legacies of slavery and Reconstruction continued to reverberate loudly throughout Alabama in 1965. Even the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 months earlier had done little in some parts of the state to ensure African Americans of the basic right to vote. Perhaps no place was Jim Crow’s grip tighter than in Dallas County, where African Americans made up more than half of the population, yet accounted for just 2 percent of registered voters.

Multiple groups of same sex couples sued their state agencies in four different states Ohio, Tennessee, Michigan, and Kentucky to challenge the constitutionality of those four states ‘ban on same sex marriage. The plaintiffs of each case argued that the states’ statues violated the Equal Protection Clause and their Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. One plaintiff group also brought up claims under the Civil Rights Act. The Trial court found in favor to all of the plaintiffs cases. The U.S. Court of Appeals reversed and held that the states’ ban on same sex marriage and refusal

The Voting Rights Act 42 U.S.C. §§ 1973 et seq., decision is important regarding the laws governing voting rights and their relationship to minority voters. Its implication and effects however does not end within the legal realms and dimensions but continues through to society, culture, and human rights. The Voting Rights Act initially established in 1965 under Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration protected “racial minorities” from biased voting practices. It was a huge stride in the civil rights movement and a victory over harmful, archaic, and biased voting practices and traditions.

The United States has a troubled history of voter suppression. Prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, many states used policies such as poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent African Americans from voting. Even after the voting barriers of the Jim Crow era were removed more than 50 years ago, some lawmakers continue to pursue policies that would undermine our nation’s progress.

Today, likely as a result of the landmark decision of Shelby County v. Holder, many states installed what many call illegitimate voting laws that specifically target minorities, in addition (Herbert & Lang, 2016). Many of said laws have had a historic bias behind them going back to the Jim Crow days of racism. An example of such laws can be found in the Voter ID Laws that 14 states implemented which many scholars believe had a profound impact on voter turnout (Negan, 2016). The Executive Director of Milwaukee’s Election Commission noted that over 40,000 less people turned out to vote as a result of the voter ID laws’ disproportionate effect on the city’s poorer districts (Negan, 2018).

For example, the video Fight for the Right to Vote, features one experts explaining that prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act, around half of the eligible voters were unable to vote, thanks to the systematic repression (CITATION). Poll taxes, literacy tests, and inaccurate information regarding locations and dates include a few of the methods that powerful whites used to prevent poor minority voters from voting. The passage of the Voting Rights Act allowed the entire eligible portion of the population to vote, and thanks to federal government, was effective; state and local governments needed approval from the Federal Government before changing voting requirements. The Voting Rights Act also provided the Federal Government with the power to oversee the voting registration where more than 50% of the nonwhite population was eligible to vote, and allowed the U.S. Attorney General to investigate the usage of poll taxes at the state and local government level (CITATION). The Voting Rights Act had an enormous

It has been 52 years since the 1965 Voting Rights Act was put into action, less than a lifetime, and yet it has been easy for the American population to look away from policy changes and ramifications within the Act. Many people today, believe that everyone has the ability to vote if they are a citizen 18 or over, but this has not been the case ever, even in today’s “modern” society. Still, there is a difference between voter restriction laws before 1965, and policies in 2017. It seems as America advances into the future, these racist policies and laws have become more subtle, gerrymandering and voter id policies have become the new literacy tests that prevent black and marginalized voters from voting in recent elections. Another issue that has transpired recently is the 2013 Shelby County V. Holder, which has lifted government involvement within the Southern States, giving them the power to change voting laws as they see fit.

Employment discrimination strikes numerous gatherings of people and has been going on for a long time. In the U.S., this type of discrimination happens at whatever point a business or its delegates purposely single out representatives or candidates on the premise of age, race, sex, sexual introduction, incapacity, religion and an assortment of different reasons. Laws have been readied to debilitate segregation from happening. Rise to circumstances laws plan to make a level playing field with the goal that individuals are utilized, paid, prepared and advanced simply because of their aptitudes, capacities and how they carry out their occupation. This type of discrimination affects a diverse group of people in some shape, form, or fashion.