Examples Of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory

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Term 11. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension- a theory that describes the effects of a society’s culture on the value of its members and the associated behaviors (Cornacchione, & Daugherty, 2013).

The Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions were created collectively by Geert Hofstede, Michael Bond, and Michael Minkov. These dimensions of culture were created to view how values in the workplace were influence by a particular culture of a given country. Essentially, it was a tool to describe how workforces in different countries operate under their own culture. There are currently six different dimensions of national cultures; power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence versus restraint. Professor Greet Hofstede was the creator of the first four cultural dimensions, back in 1973. Roughly two decades later, Michael Bond with the support of Hofstede created the fifth dimension, in 1991. Recently in the 2010, the last dimension was added to the list, by Michael Minkov and his research team (Minkoy & Hofstede, 2011). The first four dimensions discovered by Hofstede, dealt with four different anthropological issues that were handled differently from nation to nation. These issues involved; methods of coping with inequality and uncertainty, relationships within a primary group, and the emotional significance of having been born as male or female (National, n.d.). The fifth dimension is long-term orientation. Long-term orientation provides the idea that a given culture or country prefers to do things in an old-fashion manner or in a modernized pragmatic approach. The last dimension,

Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist. When he was an IBM employee between 1967 and1973, he developed a theory that helped form a framework for cross-cultural communication. This theory was known as Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory. It describes the effects of a society’s culture on the values of its members and how these values relate to behavior using a structure derived from factor analysis.

At the end of 1970s Dutch psychologist Dr. Geert Hofstede created Four Dimensions of Culture. Based on data from more than 40 countries he and his research team identified dimensions that perceive cultures. Dr. Hofstede analyzed questionnaires of employees of a big international company IBM with offices all over the world. He found it very important, that it is better to take into consideration the whole cluster (country) and look for similarities in it, rather than concentrate on individuals. “…they [IBM employees] were similar in all respects except nationality, which made the effect of national differences in their answers stand out unusually clearly” (Hofstede, 2011). Each country received a score 0-100 for each of the dimensions. When placed relative to other countries, using the scores it

Hofstede defines culture as 'the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another '”. (Kirkman, Lowe &Gibson, 2006, p. 286). He started his research in the 1960’s, by examining the concept of culture within one of the largest multinational companies in the world – IBM. Thousands of interviews were held across 66 countries, although results were only used from only 40. As a result of his investigation, four dimensions of culture were identified: individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity. Years later Hofstede and Bond added another dimension, long-term orientation. (Hofstede and Bond 1988). First dimension, power distance is defined as the extent of willingness that societies accept the hierarchical power structure (Morrison 2006). Cultures, which are considered low power distance, tend to have preferences towards equality and decentralization of terms of power and

The first Hofstede dimension is the Power Distance Index (PDI). This category measures the degree to which the people from a lower social order accept the unequal distribution of power in the social hierarchy. The higher the PDI, the more the people in the society accept the established social order, and vice versa. Countries with low

Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural communication. It describes the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis.( Organizational Culture Introduction. 2016)

There two basic models of national culture Hofstede study and Kluckohn and strotbeck model. there are five -dimensional model of Hofstede.

Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist who studied interactions between various cultures. One of his most important and notable accomplishments has been the Cultural Dimensions theory which provides a systematic framework for analysing and assessing the differences between cultures from different geographic areas.

Hofstede’s dimension of culture offers a gauge to measure the similarities and differences that are dominate among people of different cultures. Therefore, the three countries selected for this analysis are China, India and the United Kingdom (UK), as Hofstede’s dimensions of culture examines individualism/collectivism, high/weak uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, power distance and long-term orientation, associated with the management culture in these nations.

Members of individualistic cultures place an emphasis personal rights, innovation, and self-expression. Individualistic cultures tend to focus more on themselves rather than groups of people and prioritize their own personal gains and achievements. Independence is valued; there is less importance is placed on helping other citizens of the community than in collectivistic societies. Countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia are examples of individualistic cultures. In contrast, collectivistic cultures place an emphasis on collaboration, shared interests and harmony, and focus on loyalty and cooperation. Collectivist cultures therefore tend to value group efforts over an individual’s, and each person is encouraged to be an active person in society. Southeast Asia, South and Central

The power distance index (PDI) determines how much a culture is willing to accept and expect an inequality of power. Societies with high PDI are more willing to accept powerful authority figures, such as a hierarchy, and comply with their rules without justification. Societies with low PDI work to equalize the distribution of power and demand justification for inequalities of power. Societies categorized with large PDI expect for their elders to be both respected and feared, parents always teach children obedience, subordinates expect to be told what to do, they have frequent corruption scandals which are covered up and income distribution in society is very uneven. Meanwhile societies categorized with

For years, the most renowned dimensions of culture have been those proposed by Geert Hofstede (Baack, 2012). Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions are: power distance, individualism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and short/long-term orientation.

Culture, in my own opinion, is a unique system of values and norms that are believed by a group of people who live in the same society. Since culture is unique, Geert Hofstede tried to study the differences. After the study, he proposed five dimensions to measure the cultural difference between nations. The following parts will explain Hofstede Framework briefly.