B. Theories From a different angle of view, the ultimate aim of culture/media theories is to provide theoretical/academic foundation to different genres within art and media. Likewise, there are several film theories aiming to provide theoretical framework to different genres within motion picture. Besides, these theories help to perceive the relationship between other genres within art and Hollywood movies.
Structuralist Film Theory One can easily identify that this theory is interconnected with structuralism, especially related to structural linguistics. This theory claims that directors basically make use of different codes to construct meaning. For instance, different scenes are combined into a single story with the help of editing. If editing is not done, the viewers cannot perceive the directors codes or ideas. But in Hollywood films, utmost importance is given to editing because the directors know that editing can provide spontaneity to their films as a whole.
Post-structuralist Film Theory One can see that Post-structuralism is basically an extension of structuralism, but with differences. For instance, a viewer
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The films produced during this time period provided ample importance to group activities related to Marxism. For instance, films produced under Marxist influence provided ample importance to working class struggles and related class-wars. So, one can see that Marxist Film Theory tries to explore the scope of group mentality, providing less importance to individual heroism. On the other side, corporate overtone can be seen in Hollywood movies, which is totally against Marxist ideology. Still, some traces of Marxism can be seen in the movies by Hollywood directors like James Cameron. In short, Marxist Film Theory attempts to evaluate the scope of motion picture from Marxist view
As Marx’s states in his theory, when the working class becomes aware of their exploitation, this will result in a revolt lead by the proletariats. The major theories studied by Marx can be used to analyze the characters and situations presented in the film.
David Bordwell wrote his article ‘The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film’ in an effort to convey the main idea that “art cinema” can be considered as a distinct mode of film practice, through its definite historical existence alongside other cinematic modes, set of formal conventions, and implicit viewing procedures. Rather than searching for the source of the art, or what drives the art in film, Bordwell compares art cinema to the classical narrative cinema, and highlights the differences in narrative structure. Bordwell makes the assumption that it defined itself against the classical narrative mode; especially with the way it deals with space, time, and the cause and effect link of events.
The working definition of Marxism is a theory that analyzes the relationships of classes and the social conflicts that are within the classes. Marxism claims that this conflict is between the rich and the poor. This theory entails thoughts of socioeconomic differences and focuses the systematic view of the economy. The theory of Marxism is very prevalent in the novel, “The Other Wes Moore.” “The Other Wes Moore”, and a short story titled, “The Lottery” are great example of the differences within social classes.
How Marxist theory is presented in Disney/Pixar films, with a focus on Toy Story 3 and Wall-E.
Postmodernism or postculturalism, a term often also used, offer a very different and much more radical version of constructivism. They are strongly opposed to the universalist premises of realism, liberalism, Marxism and post-Marxism, and are highly critical of the general phenomenon of the aforementioned modernity (Lawson, p. 145).
Film and literature are two media forms that are so closely related, that we often forget there is a distinction between them. We often just view the movie as an extension of the book because most movies are based on novels or short stories. Because we are accustomed to this sequence of production, first the novel, then the motion picture, we often find ourselves making value judgments about a movie, based upon our feelings on the novel. It is this overlapping of the creative processes that prevents us from seeing movies as distinct and separate art forms from the novels they are based on.
The producers will develop a test and the audience will tell the producers whether it is something they want to see or they are not going to see. This can affect the next text to be produced in an attempt to conform to the audience demands. Looking at the development of different types of genres and the development of films within the same genre, it’s possible to look at similarities and differences and identify changes in society and audience ideologies and tastes.
Through the theoretical approach of Marxism, The Beauty and The Beast (2017) is a Disney film that depicts the divide between class structures in a traditionally oriented society. The Marxist theory is used as a tool to analyze the film in order to have the ability to examine the core concepts of the theory and investigate the theme of the film in its entirety. The film depicts two class structures that consist of lower, peasant-like villagers and a middle-class structure. The film depicts various social hierarchy’s that attempts to challenge humanities perception of power through the theory of Marxism. This paper will describe how the theoretical approach of Marxism applies to the Disney film, The Beauty and the Beast (2017) through
Auteur Theory is based on three premises, the first being technique, the second being personal style, and the third being interior meaning. Furthermore, there is no specific order in which these three aspects must be presented or weighted with regard to a film. An Auteur must give films a distinctive quality thus exerting a personal creative vision and interjecting it into the his or her films.
This paper will focus on the film techniques used by Cameron in his three most known movies, Titanic (1997), Avatar (2009), and Terminator series. Mise-en-scene according to John Gibbs is used in film studies in the discussion of visual style. Translated literally it means “To put on stage”, but for the purpose of students, it is defined as the contents of the frame and the way they are organized (p 5). In addition, a director’s style can be identified only through the arrangement and orchestrations of the film’s mise-en-scene (Nelmes, 425).The films Titanic, Avatar, and Terminator series were successful
Barthes claims that the author is dead (Barthes, 1977: 208), a theoretical construction that perceives the director as an idea, whereas, Bazin’s principle method establishes cinematic realism.
By analyzing the historical contexts of these specific movements, we take a deeper look at society's social, religious, economic, and political conditions that existed during a certain time and place. These relevant factors profuse mass influence into a filmmakers decisions while in the production process of a film. Additionally, these components have the role of establishing distinct trends in the film industry. Each movement has its own purpose for creating each film in regards to a stylistic standpoint.
Another example of Marxism in the movie is when the circus insects are working for their owner and he doesn’t pay them enough for what they are producing, which is their circus act. The bugs have no control over the amount of money the boss is selling it for but they are aware that its not fair. In this situation the circus bugs are the communist and their owner is the capitalist. This is an example of Marxism because the owner of the bugs pay them less then what they are work. They do a lot of hard labor putting on acts every night and traveling place to place but they can not control the money distribution until they leave. Once they have left their owner is frantic about their absence and wants them back. This is also Marxism because in Marxism they said that the common working people make up the society, with out the working people we wouldn’t have most of the things we have. True in real life and the movie because once the act left the owner wasn’t anything and he agreed to pay them right if they accept him back as their owner.
Basically, Structuralism was firstly set up in Europe by Ferdinand de Saussure, a structural linguist. It is a kind of methodology which discusses hat elements of human culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching system or structure. It works to uncover the structures that underlie all the things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel. In fact, structuralism is aimed to find the inner structure logic behind millions of words. In literary, structuralism the narrative dimension of literary texts because Structuralism Criticism deals mainly with narrative.(Tyson, 219)
the films genre. The genre is a way for the audience to distinguish types of