Exercise Affects Your Body: The Circulatory System

Exercise increases the use of energy by your muscles, which activates a series of reactions to create new energy to keep exercising and maintain homeostasis. The first reaction that occurs is an increase in your breathing rate. Energy creation requires significant oxygen. The only way to provide the necessary oxygen is to increase the speed at which your respiratory system is introducing it into your bloodstream. The harder you exercise, the more energy is used, resulting in your body increasing your breathing rate even more to maintain adequate energy levels for balance.

The lungs have a huge blood supply and a huge surface area so they are very effective at getting oxygen out of the air. They are also in charge of getting rid of the carbon dioxide excess and some of the excess water as water vapour. It is the lungs job to get the oxygen and the heart has to pump it around the rest of the body. Energy metabolism; when people are exercising their muscles are contracting and they are using more energy so they will need more oxygen getting to the muscles and my heart

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

Also he’s oxygen diffusion rate has increased due to the more oxygen which is absorbed by the alveoli and then circulated around the body.

1. What caused the change in HR with exercise? Muscles use more oxygen and glucose from the blood with increased movement. This produces wastes that decrease blood pH below the normal range causing an increase in heart rate. The heart rate increase delivers blood to the lungs and kidneys more quickly so these organs can remove the wastes from the body. The faster the muscles use energy and create waste, the faster the heart must pump blood. 2. Discuss the effect of venous

Exercise raises the cardiac output by 4 to 5 times which is about 20 to 25 litres as the muscles need more oxygen. Also, the heart beats faster to supply the body with more blood. (YouTube video)

A short term effect of exercise is an increase in the rate and depth of ventilation (or breathing). Before commencing exercise, there is an anticipatory rise in ventilation rates; this abrupt increase is due to receptors in muscles and joints generating a neural input that causes excitatory impulses. Breathing rates are affected depending on the intensity and duration of exercise because muscles demand more oxygen and increases in carbon dioxide levels stimulate faster and deeper breathing (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, pp876-877).

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

In order for the body to be at homeostasis there must be balance between the blood and body fluids of acidity and alkalinity. Tortora and Derrickson reminds us, the normal pH range for systemic arterial blood is between 7.35 and 7.45. When levels drop below the 7.35 pH range, a condition known as acidosis can be present (2014). When levels rise above the 7.45 pH range, the condition known as alkalosis may well be the culprit. Normal pH balance is reestablished through compensated acidosis and alkalosis; while bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels remain irregular. Both acidosis and alkalosis may affect the central nervous system in detrimental ways and possibly lead to death. This paper will explain four conditions associated with acidic and alkalotic imbalances.

Acidosis occurs when the body fluids contain too much acid. Acidosis happens when the kidneys and lungs are unable to keep the body’s pH at balance. The pH of our blood should be around 7.4 and should not be more acidic than that. Respiratory acidosis can occur when there is a buildup of carbon dioxide in the body. This may happen due to conditions such as asthma, injury to the chest, obesity, overuse of alcohol or problems with the nervous system. Metabolic acidosis can also occur when the kidneys are unable to eliminate acids, resulting in too much acid in the body. There are 3 types of kidney acidosis, which includes diabetic acidosis, hyperchloremic acidosis and lactic acidosis. What can be done would be to change one’s diet to reduce the

The major effect of acidosis is depression of the central nervous system. When the pH of the blood falls below 7.35, the central nervous system malfunctions, and the individual becomes disoriented and possibly comatose as the condition worsens. Causes for acidosis include things such as; obesity, disease of the airway and diseases involving the chest. (Hadjiliadis, 2014)

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.

Acidosis is when the pH of one’s blood is below the normal level of 7.35. Alkalosis is when the pH of one’s blood is above 7.45. These can be broken down into two categories respiratory and metabolic. Normal oxygen (CO2) levels are 35-45 mmHg in systemic arterial blood. Normal levels for HCO3− 22-26mEq/liter in systemic arterial blood.

The more muscles work, the more oxygen they need which means the circulatory system must compensate and pass more oxygenated blood through to the muscles which need it to make energy. Therefore, the heart must work faster to pump this blood throughout the body at a faster pace, which increases the heart rate. The lungs also play an important role because the oxygen breathed in oxygenates the