Exercise And Training Of A Racehorse

The relationship between the principles of training and physiological adaptations has a significant impact on performance. Many factors need to be addressed in a training program to make it a successful one for a particular athlete and thus improve their performance.

Cardiac output adapts throughout a training program. The "American Council on Exercise's Personal Trainer Manual" lists exercise adaptations as increased ventricle size, decreased exercise heart rate and increased stroke volume. Therefore, your heart can maintain a high cardiac output with less effort. Most improvement to cardiac output is contributed to increased stroke volume. Positive adaptations occur in as little as three months of aerobic training.

Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.

D1 outline the relationships between the cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems before, during and after a sporting activity

You may list, as students report out, the physiological changes to the respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and urinary systems expected during strenuous exercise and as noted in the case of the cyclist, Joe. Students will respond with answers suggesting increases in heart rate, respiration, sweating and muscle fatigue, as well as muscle soreness as normal. However, in

Exercise affects these systems, causing the heart to pump blood faster around the body, which in turn allows you to exercise for longer. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/0_ anatomy_circulatorysys_rev1.shtml The four main parts of the cardiovascular system is the heart, the veins, capillaries and the arteries.

What limits the speed and stamina of most endurance athletes is the ability of their heart and lungs to deliver oxygen at a steady rate

The third physiological adaptation that a touch football player would experience as a result of training is a change in their cardiac output. An athlete’s cardiac output is the volume of blood that their heart ejects per minute, and is therefore a direct result of the stoke volume and heart rate.

The equine industry is rapidly changing and what is asked of a horse. The sports that are being played with horses are more physical causing the injuries the horses are acquiring to be more severe and different than what has been seen before. There are major injuries and there are minor injuries. All minor injuries can be turned into major injuries if they are not found in time. A main issue in horses is they hide some injuries for as long as three weeks as a survival instinct. Equine thermography has brought new light to this issue allowing issues and injuries to be found before a horse will show the issues.

Equines have been essential to the evolution of our society for over 4,000 years, providing speed and strength to aid in work, travel, and war. They are extreme athletes, capable of producing high speeds and stamina and are able to do so efficiently. This is due partly to the muscle physiology of the equine. In most mammals, 40-45% of body weight is made of muscle mass. In horses this percentage is increased to over 50%. Horses are not all the same, however. Different breeds have different skeletal muscle builds as well as muscle types. For example, the Thoroughbred, one of the most athletic breeds of horses, has a muscle mass percentage of almost 55%. (Gunn, 1979) Conditioning of our equine athletes is an important part of equine care, especially

Exercise is able to make our body change and be modified to certain intensity or a certain type of exercise. It affects the way we move, our temperature change, the health of our organs, movement of joints and the ability to push our heart to pump blood faster. Once we begin to exercise; the body has to respond to the change in intensity in order to maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis). Acute effects of exercise affect our musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular system. The musculoskeletal system is the grouping of the muscular and skeletal systems that work together and includes the bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments of the body. The cardiovascular system (or the circulatory system) is an organ system that

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

This assessment will explain what the role of the liver and pancreas is and how it aids digestion, including what they produce and how this makes the digestive system efficient. It will also include the interaction of the circulatory and respiratory systems during exercise and at rest and how they work separately and together. Lastly, it will discuss what could go wrong with these systems and how it will affect the horse.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.

The heart rate is a measurement of how many times the heart beats in a minute. Physically fit people tend to have a lower heart rate and during intense exercise tend to have lower rates as well. A decrease of heart rate at both rest and at fixed intensity of sub-maximal exercise [7] occurs a few months after an exercise program is begun. One’s heart rate reflects the amount of work the heart must do to meet an increase of demands of the body when engaged in activity. Heart Rate tends to increase proportionally with intensity oxygen uptake [16].