Expected Pattern of Development

The expected pattern starts at 0-3 years where a child is expected to develop the most. They have little control over their bodies at 0-1 years and are dependent on their natural instincts eg: sucking, grasping.

At this stage young people would have developed their own personalities and have their own views

Intellectual Development (0-3 Years) Beginning to realise others are separate beings from themselves, imitates others and tries out ways of behaving in play, becoming more confident but still needs adult reassurance

7-14 years --- By this stage, children have stable friendships, enthusiasm when given areas of responsibility and clear different activities between boys and girls.

Physical development is physical movements of all areas of the body. This may include fine motor skills, gross motor skills and hand eye co-ordination. Fine motor skills may be for e.g. threading a bead on to a piece of string, gross motor skills are for e.g. star jumps and hand eye co-ordination is for e.g. throwing a ball and catching it. These activities can be done indoors and outdoors.

By age 2-3 years children enjoy playing with older people who provide them with attention and begin to enjoy time with children their own age. Over the next few years the child becomes more independent and coopertative and likes to help. They develop social skills and play with others is more comfortable as they begin to consider the feelings of others and make friends, although resolving disputes can still be an issue. Rules and routine are required to help the child feel secure and safe.

Social and emotional development: this refers to the development of the child's own identity and self image. Some may want to start doing things for themselves and become more independent. They will develop a sense of their own identity. Learning to live in a family unit and with others in society is a vital part of development in which will be contributed by friends and family.

These involve the small muscles of the body used for hand –eye co-ordination, writing and grasping of small objects.

From 3 to 7 years the child’s movements will be more coordinated. They will learn to balance when hopping, skipping and playing with balls. The fine pincer grip when holding pens, pant brushes will be more defined.

|9 |Can sit independently and will be finding ways to be |Baby realises that when something or someone |Will understand no, bye-bye and other key words,|Can find partially hidden object/toys and will |

Between six and seven years old, a child can skip, climb confidently and jump from a height. Not only can they pedal on a bike, now they can ride it. Forming letters has now developed so that the child can write and instead of sewing a few stitches, they can now thread a needle too. Dressing themselves has become easier as they can now do up their own buttons and lace their shoes.

Can kick a large ball. Can do simple jigsaw puzzles. Begins to ride tricycles. May move out of nappies and begin toilet training. Show some reasoning skills.

Goes through physical changes at this age, as this happens they become more mature, and as they begin to show interest and skills in different subjects as their confidence grows through communicating effectively with adults.

| Walking, pointing with arms, starting to dress themselves, holding light objects.Interacting with balls, climbing stairs or furniture, using crayons etc with more controlled, starting to run with confidence and feeding themselves.

In the first stage a child faces the challenge of gaining trust, and learning that their world is a safe place "family members play a key role in how any infant meets this challenge" ( Macionis, 2011 P. 74). In the second stage, the child learns skills to cope in the world in a confident way, if they fail to gain self-control it leads to the children's to doubt their abilities. In stage three is when the child has to learn to engage with their surroundings. They also must experience the guilt of failing to meet the parents expectations. Stage four, refers to the challenge of preadolescence. In this stage kids make friends and strike out on their own more and more. "They either feel proud of their accomplishments or fear that they do no measure up" (Macionis, 2011 Pp.74). In stage five adolescence, the teen years is when the teenagers struggle to establish their identity. They identify themselves with others, however, they want to be unique. In stage six of the stages of development, young adults face the challenge of forming close relationships with friends and falling in love. In stage seven the challenge is contributing to the lives of