Cycloaddition Lab Report

The objective of this lab was to create a ketone through an oxidation reaction using a using a secondary alcohol and oxidizing agent in order to use that ketone in a reduction reaction with a specific reducing agent to determine the affect of that reducing agent on the diastereoselectivity of the product. In the first part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol was reacted with NaOCl, an oxidizing agent, and acetic acid to form 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. In the second part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone was reacted with a reducing agent, either NaBH4 in EtOH or Al(OiPr)3 in iPrOH, to form the product 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the cis:trans ratio of the OH relative to the tert-butyl group in the product formed from the reduction reaction with each reducing agent. Thin-layer chromatography was used in both the oxidation and reduction steps to ensure that each reaction ran to completion.

The experiment is to observe a variety of chemical reactions and to identify patterns in

Procedure: In this experiment, various chemicals were mixed together, to determine a reaction. Using two drops from chemical 1 and two drops of chemical two, unless otherwise stated, then recording the type of physical reaction or color changes that occurred.

The primary goal of this laboratory is to correctly identify an unknown substance. To achieve this task, one may use various tests that reveal both chemical and physical properties of a substance. By comparing the results of a known substance and the unknown substance, one may eliminate alternative possibilities and more accurately predict the undisclosed compound. Furthermore, by performing these tests, data can be collected and verified regarding chemical and physical properties of the unknown. Understanding the chemical properties of a known substance aids one’s understanding of the unknown based on comparative analysis of the results of the tests.

The objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group, Br – versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group, 3◦ versus 2◦; and the polarity of the solvent, 40 percent 2-propanol versus 60 percent 2-propanol.

Abstract: Using hypochlorous acid to convert secondary alcohol called cyclododecanol to the corresponding ketone which is cyclododecanone by oxidation.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe a variety of chemical reactions and to identify patterns in the conversion of reactants into products.

This experiment was designed by conducting a substitution reaction to construct a complex compound (2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) from two simple parts; also known as synthesis - converting simple molecules into more complex molecules. A purification technique known as crystallization was used to purify the product. Suction filtration was used to filter out the product. The experiment was completed over a three-day experimental period.

Radicals are further formed in the propagation step, and are combined during the termination step. Since any of the radicals can combine in the termination step, a radical-initiated reaction can produce a mixture of products.3 The purpose of this experiment is to obtain a mixture of isomeric dichlorobutane in order to discover the relative reactivities of 1-chlorobutane through radical initiated chlorination. Instead of heat or light, the initiator used in the experiment is 2,2’-azobis-(2-methylpropionitrile).4 Identification of the products obtained in the experiment was done through the analysis of data from mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and physical properties (e.g. boiling point and molecular weight).

Due to time constraints, we weren't able to get as much done as originally intended. Several reactions had to be completed multiple times and still had varying results. By the end, most of our products were not completely isolated but we did have evidence of some product formed for each. This lab gave us the opportunity to see reactions such as the Grignard reaction, bromination of a C=C bond, and the saponification of an ester. Additionally, we learned about the reactivity of acid chlorides and difficulties associated with them.

In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 20 mL of glacial acetic acid were mixed thoroughly with 1.0 g of (E)-stilbene (which was synthesized in the previous week’s experiment). The flask was then placed in a hot plate in order to allow the (E)-stilbene to dissolve in the acetic acid. Once the (E)-stilbene had completely dissolved, 2.0 g of pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (also known as pyridinium tribromide) were added and the solution was mixed thoroughly by swirling the flask. If necessary, some additional acetic acid may be used to wash down the walls of the flask in order to ensure the proper reaction with complete amounts. It was observed that the flask acquired a very strong dark-red or brown tint, presumably due to the pyridinium hydrobromide

Throughout the field of organic chemistry, one comes into contact with a multitude of reactions involving concerted mechanisms. An example which can be found in the Diels-Alder reaction, which occurs prolifically within organic reactions.3 Diels-Alder reactions fall under the category of 1,4-cycloaddition reactions and pericyclic reactions. Pericyclic reactions are concerted reactions that occur in a one-step process with a cyclic transition state in which bonding electrons are altered via a cyclic arrangement that allows bond to break and form synchronously. They are also dependent on the interaction between the symmetry of molecular orbitals.1,2 However, a Diels-Alder reaction is specifically known to be a [4+2] cycloaddition which occurs under heated conditions when a diene, which is a conjugated compound containing a pi system of 4π electrons, interacts with a dienophile, a compound known to contain a double bond consisting of 2π -electron system.1,2,3 Once the diene and dienophile have interacted, the resulting product is known as an adduct.2

Benzoin condensed from a catalyzed reaction with Vitamin B and benzaldehyde, mixed with various basic and acidic

I. The objective of this laboratory experiment is to be able to identify and precisely classify each reaction as one of the five different types of chemical reactions by comparing the reactants from the product.

The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with chemical formulas and how they are obtained. Chemists use an abbreviated notation to indicate the exact chemical composition of compounds. We then use these chemical formulas to indicate how new compounds are formed by chemical combinations of other compounds.