Experimental Learning Program : Shrimp Farming

Aquaculture can be defined as farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants both in freshwater and saltwater. It has a wide range of ownerships from small family business to multimillionaire global industries.1It provides many job opportunities throughout the world. As an example Canadian aquaculture industry valued $ 5 billion Canadian dollars provides more than 130 000 jobs only in Canada.2Accelerated growth of aquaculture causes series of problems to both human health and environment.3Most bacterial species resides both in animals and well as in human will pathogenic to both. transfer of pathogens between the two host species is a common situation for most organisms.4 Most of the developing country aquatic farms are non-hygienic and stressful. This will lead to an increase of bacterial infection among most aquatic species. As a preventative and curative method farmers mix a huge amount of antimicrobial products with the aquatic feed.5 Since aquaculture is a global industry, Implemented laws and regulations are different from country to country. It is very difficult to implement global regulations relating to antimicrobial use.1

Boats are very common on the lake, both for fishing and recreation. The lake is a popular to anglers looking for kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Other fish like rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) are also abundant in the lake. Mysis shrimp were introduced into the lake many years ago. They have had an impact on the kokanee salmon and will be analyzed in the final paper. The fishing industry provides income for the area, as well as jobs. As of recent, the populations of kokanee salmon and lake trout have been in a decline. The interaction of human management on these fish populations is needed in order to help increase these fish abundance in the lake. This issue is also linked to the management of water in the lake because water levels impact the way that fish species

Overfishing is a global issue that has many negative effects on the environment (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2009). Fish are a major resource that many people rely on for not only nutrition, but also for a means of income (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2009). As the population of the world increases, so does the demand for fish, which puts oceans under a lot of pressure (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2009). Due to advanced fishing technologies and equipment, going out further into the oceans and catching huge amounts of fish is easier than ever (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2009). Froese (2004) defines overfishing as capturing the fish before they reach their full growth potential and diminishing their chance of reproduction. In other

Many things have been done to help conserve the Syncaris Pacifica. The first thing that people did is to list the Syncaris Pacifica is an endangered species. By list as an endangered species people then start to know about the shrimp. Then people start to protect and manage Syncaris Pacifica population and habitat. They also removed any threats and restore the habitat. Some people also did some experiment to the location where the shrimp live to find out how many are there. Then they also started to monitor the condition and the population of the habitat. After the monitor the people

Salmon has been a highly demanded product by millions of customers as well as the countries who rely on seafood as a primary dish. However, with the influx of people’s wants come the consequences of these species are decreasing in populations around the world due to the causes and practices of human fishing. As stated by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), there were an estimated 50% decline worldwide of salmon over the last twenty years. Several sources play a factor in the huge amounts of salmon being depleted including overfishing, loss of habitat, and even dams. Since the late 1900s, other ways of reversing what was happening to populations were being proposed and one new technical approach to re-populate the salmon fish exponentially was known as salmon farming, but the process brought more problems to the salmon species then there were good.

Cobia (Rachycentron candum) goes by many English variant common names, such as, black kingfish, black salmon, cabio, crabeater, cubby yew, kingfish, lemonfish, ling, prodigal son, runner and sergeant fish (NOAA, 2014; Bester, n.d.). The initial taxonomy of cobia was labeled as Gasterosteus canadus by Linnaeus in 1766 and then later changed to the current name Rachycentron candum (as cited in Bester, n.d.). Often the cobia is misidentified as a shark or a remora (family Echeneidae) which is the closest living relative to the cobia. Incidentally, the cobia is the only member of the family Rachycentridae. The historical range of the species is within tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate waters worldwide with the exception of

According to a study done by Living Planet Report in 2015, 29% of the world’s fishing stocks are considered overfished and an additional 61% is fully exploited with no possibility to produce more fish. Our environment is currently afflicted by a number of different problems, one of which is overfishing. Overfishing is defined by FishOnline as, “Fishing with a sufficiently high intensity to reduce the breeding stock levels to such an extent that they will no longer support a sufficient quantity of fish for sport or commercial harvest.” The overfishing situation is being exacerbated by non-sustainable and destructive fishing practices and unfair fisheries partnership agreements; while there are currently attempts being made at fixing these problems and their effects on overfishing, nothing has been extremely effective.

Fisheries and Aquaculture Department., 1992. “Manual on the Production and Use of Live Food for

*Department of Oceanography, Techno India University, West Bengal, India and ** Department of Marine Science, Calcutta University, West Bengal, India

This issue of overfishing covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, economy, society and nature. The term “optimum”, in regard to the yield from a fishery, is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly. Generally speaking, we can describe it as follows: (Niles E. Stople, January 2009, FishNet USA)

The illegal fishing is a major issue as the fisheries have been plagued by lack of enforcement and control. The illegal fishing and overfishing links to another reason for endangerment, which is high demand for consumers in high end sushi markets. With the Blue fin Tuna being a highly sought after fish in Asia and a single Bluefin Tuna selling for over $1.75 million, the money drives the fisherman or illegal fisherman to continue to make catches with more refined techniques and as a result the number of Bluefin Tuna’s are decreasing

Another global effect of overfishing is fish farming or aquaculture. It was first started to help preserve the ocean and hoped to help people to obtain a reliable fish source. Unfortunately, what many came to realize is the downside of fish farming. One example is water contamination, where consequently waste products such as foods eaten, feces and other dead fish, are all dumped into our main water supply which contributes to water pollution. Moreover, chemicals that are used to treat the fish farms like antibiotics and algaecides are all released into the ocean; which is a real cause for concern for our oceans. Fish that come from the fish farms are pumped full of drugs, to prevent sickness in the fish but this is not healthy for us to eat. There is also a great environmental impact which includes the fact that to sustain fish farms, portions of

Many breeds of fish are being captured at a faster rate than they can reproduce. Some species such as orange roughy fishing became popular in New Zealand in the 1970’s. Over time, it spread to many countries around the world. In the last 20 years, there has been a decline in catch up to 75%. It is no longer common to see in grocery stores as well as restaurants. The amounts of fish that are captured and distributed around the world are alarming opposed to the rate the fish can multiply.

Due to the importance of fishing to the worldwide economy and the need for humans to understand human impacts on the environment, the academic division of fisheries science was developed. Fisheries science includes all aspects of marine biology, in addition to economics and management skills and information. Marine conservation issues like overfishing, sustainable fisheries and management of fisheries are also examined through fisheries science.

In today’s global economy sustainability is very important; from the biological aspect to the industries they all play a role on the marine environment. As world population increases the demand of fish rises causing overfishing. Certain laws have been placed to limit the amount of wild fishing to reduce the risk of endangerment. To meet the demand of the population, fish farms are introduced. Pollution and health related issues are part of the challenges of fish farming. Sustainability also affects social areas such as beaches.