Experimental Oral Controlled Release And Site Specific Drug Delivery System

Capsule is the most versatile of all dosage forms. Capsules are solid dosage forms in which one or more medicinal and inert ingredients are enclosed in a small shell or container usually made of gelatin. There are two types of capsules, “hard” and “soft”. The hard capsule is also called “two piece” as it consists of two pieces in the form of small cylinders closed at one end, the shorter piece is called the “cap” which fits over the open end of the longer piece, called the “body”. The soft gelatin capsule is also called as “one piece”. Capsules are available in many sizes to provide dosing flexibility. Unpleasant drug tastes and odors can be masked by the tasteless gelatin shell. The administration of liquid and solid drugs enclosed in hard

The majority of medicines are formulated for oral administration. This means they are taken via the mouth, in the form of a tablet, capsule, liquid or suspension. These medicines come in a variety of

The route in which a medication is administered is the ‘path’ that the drug/substance/fluid/poison is taken into the body these include:-

This is medication that is taken via the mouth. This can be in the form of tablets and capsules. If an individual finds it difficult to swallow tablets oral medication is also available in liquids, suspensions and syrups. Sublingual medications are for example when tablets are placed under the tongue to dissolve quickly.

Oral - medicines can be given orally in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids or powders.

There are two categories of medicine: oral or injection. Oral medications are medications taken through the mouth and are more efficient because it can reach different parts of the body via bloodstream. Injection medicine is where a needle delivers

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolised in the liver and excreted in the urine. 1-2,4 The average PK parameters of DVS with once-daily dosing are1,4:

Buccal Route- The purpose of Buccal Route is that it comes in different forms Examples: Tablets, Capsules, Lozenges, and Troches. It is placed between the cheek and gum which allows a slow release. Some advantages are that it is a good blood supply. Some disadvantages are that it has a nasty taste. You can not swallow this form of medication. It is inconvenient. You can only have small doses, and you have to hold the dose in the

The finished dosage form is a pre-filled syringe, which contains the liquid dosage. The drug should be administered subcutaneously by injection, after a period of 60 minutes, prior to consuming morning and afternoon meals. These dosage times are critical for maintaining efficacy and clinical significance as the drug slows the rate of gastric emptying, reducing the rate of meal derived glucose (Bond 2006).

This novel method of administration involves thin needles which penetrate the stratum corneum to deliver the drug (101). This method is painless and increases

Microspheres formulated using 0.1 M calcium chloride exhibited the highest drug loading at 14%, with 66.5% encapsulation efficiency. Less than 4% and 35% propranolol release occurred from hydrated and dried microspheres, respectively, in 2 hours in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 90% of the drug load was released in increments of 5 hours and 7 hours from hydrated and dried microspheres, respectively, in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Prior incubation of hydrated microspheres in SGF extended the time of release in SIF to 10 hours. Restricted propranolol release in SGF and complete extraction in SIF demonstrate the potential of alginate gel microspheres for oral delivery of

The major disadvantages associated with buccal routes are low permeability of the buccal membrane, specifically when compared to the sublingual membrane and also a smaller surface area. The total surface area of the membranes of the oral cavity available for drug absorption is 170 cm2 of which ~50 cm2 represents non-keratinized tissues, including the buccal membrane. The continuous secretion of saliva (0.5–2 l/day) leads to subsequent dilution of the drug swallowing of saliva can also potentially lead to the loss of dissolved or suspended drug and, ultimately, the involuntary removal of the dosage form. These are some of the problems that are associated with buccal drug delivery. Moreover, the hazard of choking by involuntarily swallowing

There are many advantages and disadvantages surrounding the use of suppositories when compared to other routes of administration. One of the many advantages of suppositories is that they can be used to deliver drugs locally or systemically. This is effective because if the suppository needs to release the drug locally, it will have a rapid mode of action and onset as well as fewer side effects. These types of suppositories are mainly used to treat haemorrhoids, constipation and other gastro intestinal (GI) problems. Also, the suppository can have a systemic effect, i.e. for pain relief. Even though there are problems surrounding side effects, when the suppositories have systemic

In the past years, drug delivery via the nasal route has established itself as a competitor and an alternative route over other routes of administration. It provides a higher degree of patient compliance and drugs can be painlessly self-administered by the patient (Illum, 2003). Drugs administered through nasal route are absorbed rapidly and can reach therapeutically effective plasma levels quickly due to highly permeable membranes and rich vasculature of the nasal cavity (Majithiya et al., 2006). In addition, the nasal route offers further advantages over the oral route, especially for those drugs that have poor oral bioavailability due to high hepatic first-pass metabolism, pH instability and enzyme degradation in GIT (Ugwoke et al., 2001).

Objective of my proposal is to prepare a delivery system in which the drug will be stable and can cross the blood brain barrier without any major difficulties and deliver the drug at the target site for better clinical management of Alzheimer’s disease.