Expert Phenomenon Model: Preventing Sexual Assault On Campus

It’s a statistic that has circled around the nation for years, one that imprints fear into the minds of young adults and rage into those that demand justice: 1 in 5 female college students will experience sexual assault in the duration of their college career (Clark), with only 20% of those rapes being reported to the police (Hefling). As a topic that is so highlighted in American society, there is a strict demand for an organized, thorough investigation that will result in justice served. Controversy regarding whether the colleges themselves or the criminal justice system should adjudicate the punishment for these vile crimes has arisen; some believe that as an actual crime, these assaults should be taken in a legal stance in order to serve justice at its fullest extent. Others believe that determining punishment through the court system is too nerve-wracking for the victims and that by allowing colleges to do so is the only way they can avoid feeling “skepticism” by the police, juries, or courts (Know Your IX). However, when juxtaposing the capabilities of the colleges and the court system when it comes to the adjudication process, it is evident that the courts are more competent in determining punishments for campus sexual assaults.

The problem: Sexual assault has become one of the forefront issues of our day. There has been an increasing rate of sexual assaults in our society and specifically on college campuses.

The Stufflebeam’s model is a decision centered method for evaluation, which put emphasis on the establishment of data for programs, projects, personnel, products, and institutions (Stufflebeam & Shinkfield, 2007, p. 325). In the CIPP approach, data driven is perceived as supreme as it supports the many factors that utilizes this evaluation which will allow them to formulate enhanced decisions. Evaluation activities that are developed needs to be aligned with the necessities of the program stakeholders. Implementation of program change must be reinforced by the decision makers in order for the evaluation activities to adjust to develop the needs and increase program accomplishment over time

Sexual assault and rape among college campuses has been an ongoing issue across the nation for decades. In the state of Utah, this complex issue will not have a simple solution, but measures can be taken to prevent sexual assault and rape occurring on campuses. Utah Valley University is a campus that is taking considerably impressive measures to combat sexual assault, which will be a basis of this paper. Through university sex education, stricter laws and enforcement, and providing on-campus services to students, cases of sexual assault and rape in the higher level education setting will decrease, and students will be more likely to report these crimes.

The way that Arditi expresses the opinions of University of Rhode Island administrators and U.S. Department officials shows the credibility of the resources given. The author expresses a solution for a higher report rate, which is using climate surveys to put college victims in a prime and simple position to report incidents, while also raising awareness by printing postcards that display sexual assault prevention information on them and passing these cards to the student body. These solutions could help in major answer to sexual assault. This issue is a common and current, this provides valid information given through recent publishing’s, such as this

The faces flash by on the computer screen. The women on the screen are differents shapes, sizes, ages, and colors. However, there is one thing that all the women have in common: they have all been sexually assaulted on a college campus. More than one in five women were sexually assaulted on college campuses (Mott, Par. 1). It has been proven that programs in schools can help prevent these statistics from growing. However, more needs to be done to prevent sexual assault on educational facilities because the current programs are not fulfilling their purpose.

On the topic of sexual assault on campuses, Catherine Lhamon, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and James Moore, Compliance Manager of the Clery Act discussed ways to further combat sexual assault on college campuses. Lhamon and Moore focused on the improvements made to the reporting of sexual assault, positive changes made to the judicial proceedings on campuses, and the improved punishment of perpetrators. The members of the committee hearing did not deny the importance of combating sexual assault. However, members did disagree on the methods to effectively decrease sexual assault and increase overall reporting of victims. Members disagreed the most on the enforcement mechanism, which was made more controversial by the differences in opinion on the accuracy of reporting, and the guidance authority of the Department of Education. This ballot will address the panel discussion on these

state statutes identifying with sexually assault to assess to what degree these laws are proper and available for victims of campus sexual assault. Results uncovered that every one of the 50 states have no less than 1 criminal statute tending to sexual assault, with an aggregate of 432 statutory subsections being recognized for incorporation. Many of the statutes, key ideas identifying with consent and incapacity were frequently badly defined or unclear, and a statutes' number have all the earmarks of being inadequately suited to taking care of campus sexual assaults. These discoveries have suggestions for the adjudication of campus sexual assaults, and such results can possibly be utilized to correct existing lawmaking and advice future

College is a place for trying out, experiencing and learning new things and being sexually assaulted should not be one of them. Sexual assault in college campuses over the past decade has increased by over 50% as stated by Laura Stampler in her article “Report Sees Surge in Sex Crimes on College Campuses”: “The number of sex crimes reported on U.S. college campuses soared by 50% over the course of a decade, according to a new government report Tuesday, even as total campus crime decreased” (Laura Stampler). A national survey made by and released in April of 2014 by the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault states that at least one in five college students, including men and women, experience some form of sexual assault during their time in college. In another article published on bestcolleges.com, the author states that over 95% of college campus rapes go unreported, which implies that there might be more than one in five students that gets sexually assaulted by the end of their college career. Not only that but the article on bestcolleges.com also states that women are most likely to be sexually

Sexual assault is everywhere, but did you know that on college campuses one of every four people have been a victim of sexual assault (Stampler 1). That is a staggering statistic of just how many people are affected by this crime. Sexual assault, while a long standing crime, has been brought into the spotlight more and more over the last twenty years. While there are several steps already in place to help lower this statistic there are additional things that can be done to help reduce the rate of sexual assaults on college campuses. By being more open with conversations about sexual assault, having support groups available, and changing policies universities can be successful in reducing the number of sexual assaults on their campuses.

Sexual assault on college campuses has always been a problem (Dick, Ziering, & Mattheissen, 2016). It has been repeatedly established in dozens of national and single school studies that one in five or more women are sexually assaulted while in college and, as stated previously, 5 percent of men who attend college also experience sexual assault (Cleere & Lynn, 2013; Dick, Ziering, & Mattheissen, 2016). But recently, the issue of sexual assault has been brought to the attention of national media (Maurer, 2016). This increasing attention may have led President Obama, in 2014, to sign a memorandum creating a task force to help address sexual violence on college campuses, “The charge of the task force is to identify recommendations for best practices

One out of four women are raped each year on a college campus. College is supposed to be a time for education, freedom, and finding an identity; however, now college women have to worry about being sexually assaulted. As time progresses, the numbers keep increasing of college women being raped. Many rape cases are difficult to prove beyond a reasonable doubt in the justice system and women are not always believed. Nor is our society acknowledging the criminal act of rape as seriously as it should. The after effects of rape are incomprehensible and the scars will be there throughout one 's lifetime. All college women should be required to take a self-defense class their freshmen year. By learning self-defense the women could defend themselves against a sexual threat, therefore the amount of sexual assault cases will decrease.

Ultimately, colleges should actively be attempting to inhibit the amount of sexual assaults that happen on campus by improving security, allow law enforcement to handle cases, creating more approachable options for reporting sexual assaults, and holding self-defense classes. On March 31, 2016 President Barack Obama released a presidential proclamation addressing sexual assault, saying that we needed commit to shifting the “attitudes that allow sexual assault to go unanswered and unpunished, and we redouble our efforts to prevent this human rights violation from happening in the first place” (Obama). There needs to be a reduction in the frequency of these heinous crimes and security must be improved among all colleges. Lighting around the campus

The intended purpose of the Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct was to inform policies and provide information on how to respond to sexual assault and misconduct (Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct, 2016). The Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct was designed to assess campus climates around sexual assault and misconduct. The survey was created with an emphasis on the perception of risk, knowledge of campus resources, and perceived reactions to sexual assault. The goal of the Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct was to provide policymakers with information and assist with creating programs to prevent sexual violence (Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct, 2016).

Sexual assault has been a huge issue for many years on college campuses and universities nation wide. As society has evolved, thoughts on sexual assault have also evolved, becoming more focused on the details of victim treatment than ever before. The topic of sexual assault is debatable and sparks many opinions on weather sexual assault on college campuses is becoming more frequent, or if there is just heightened awareness. Sexual assault can happen to anybody no matter the gender, race, religion, or age. Recently there have been many studies conducted on sexual violence on college campuses and universities producing ample amounts of statistics. One may argue that sexual assault rates are the same, but there are simply more studies and attention on sexual assault in the past 20 years. Gender roles have played a huge part in sexual assault on college campuses. Women and men have different expectations when it comes to roles in the relationship, men are often expected to make the first move. One may ask what causes a perpetrator to sexually harass somebody and think it is acceptable. There are various reasons as to why perpetrators do what they do, and may vary from person to person. Although sexual violence is a large problem for many colleges and universities, there is a surprising shortage of federal laws/rules and regulations regarding sexual assault. Colleges are able to develop their own personal policies and procedures for how they will prevent and deal with sexual