Explain How Far Was Lord Dishili The Architect Of The 1867 Reform

“Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals.” Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1825 – 1850.

Firstly the House of Lords reform where the voting rights of most hereditary peers was abolished. This makes the UK less undemocratic rather then more democratic. This is due to the fact that the House of Lords as a whole is an unelected chamber and therefore undemocratic, however by removing the voting rights of some

‘One nation’ is an idea that is based upon principles such as paternalism, and it is the name given to describe this particular faction of the conservative party. ‘One nation conservatives’ is the name given to the followers of the ideas presented by Benjamin Disrael, and the belief in changing Britain from ‘two nations’ i.e the rich and the poor, and instead creating one. Benjamin Disraeli adopted one nation conservatism for both ethical and electoral reasons. Before he became leader of the Conservative Party, Disraeli had announced that, as a result of the Reform Act of 1867 the party needed to pursue social reforms if it was to have

When Northumberland came into power, even though his reforms were far more extreme, with no possibility of alternative

‘Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1825-1850.’

Disraeli believed in an organic society held together by duty and responsibility, and was responsible for the Second Reform Act which gave the working class the vote and also improved housing conditions and hygiene. This is often seen as a form of Tory welfarism. One nationism reached its peak in the 1950s and 1960s when conservative governments in the UK promoted social welfare, in stark contrast to later, New Right conservative governments such as the Thatcher Government (1979-90). In the 50s one-nation conservatism was seen as a ‘middle way’ between ‘laissez-faire’ liberalism and socialist state planning. Therefore, paternalistic conservatism could be seen as the way of moderation.

Radical Whigs – “made attacks on the use of patronage and bribes by the king 's ministers. They warned citizens to be on guard for possible corruption.”

Laws were not the only revolutionary ideals that were created. Revolutionary bureaucracies were also created during Reconstruction. The best example of a revolutionary bureaucracy was the Freedmen’s

The statement “Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals” is proven valid in context to every reform in the time period 1825-1850 except the naturalization act, The only movement in that period contradicting democratic ideals. Besides this act, every other act displayed grand interest in civilizing the United States and emphasizing equality and liberty for all, the core democratic ideals. The nation eventually picked up and expanded all of these, but only after the effect of these reforms took their toll

Another problem with the voting system was the lack of a private vote. Employers could influence the way their employees voted by threatening to punish them if they failed to vote for their preffered candidate. This problem was fixed in 1872, when William Gladstone's government passed the Ballot Act which guaranteed a secret system of voting. Although the immediate results of the reform act were not earth shattering, the country had taken, as Lord Derby said, "a leap in the dark." Strikes, union advances, and labor organization were powerful forces for change in the final years of the century. William Gladstone was elected as Prime Minister of England for the second time in 1880 and the most important legislative action that took place during his second ministry was the Reform Act of 1884. The reform act was rejected the first time it was presented to the House of Lords, but accepted the second time because it was accompanied by a redistribution act, which had the following implications. "(i) seventy-nine towns with populations smaller than 15,000 lost their right to elect an MP; (ii) thirty-six with populations between 15,000 and 50,000 lost one of their MPs and became single member constituencies; (iii) towns with populations between 50,000 and 165,000 were given two seats; (iv) larger towns and the country constituencies were divided into single member constituencies" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PR1885.htm). The actual Reform Act of 1884

Reform Movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals began in the 1820s throughout the 1850s with the address of major issues from slavery and suffrage to the Second Great Awakening. Slavery began in the south as a way to for upperclassmen to make money. Suffrage began as a way for women to vote with the concept of equality. The Second Great Awakening advocated change that was led by religious leaders. Slavery was a way of living leading up to the 17th century, many activists such as Frederick Douglass lead the movement to abolish slavery in the South.

There were many different so called “reform movements” in the years 1825 through 1850, although, only some were actually making changes to the U.S. that benefited the people as a whole, others were just self proclaimed reforms to cover up the fact that their movement only benefited themselves and the rest of the group they were representing, these were the types of “reforms” that failed to show the value that Americans placed on having a democratic society. That being said, the validity of the statement “Reform movements in the U.S. sought to expand democratic ideals.”, would be partially correct but partially false because not all of these movements were created to expand the ideas of democracy.

The Great Reform Act passed in 1832 was brought in due to a number of inside and outside pressures. For example, the fall of the Tories and the economic crisis of 1829-30. Britain pre 1832 was known as one of the most unrepresentative countries. English counties elected 82 MPs-only men who owned property worth over 40 shillings a year could elect these MPs (only the ruling classes.)Boroughs or towns elected 394 MPs-most voters were in southern England therefore new industrial cities such as Birmingham & Manchester had no MPs to represent them. There were rotten boroughs and pocket boroughs- corruption and bribery. In some areas there was no competition about who to elect the local

In this essay, I would like to analyse why the reform of the British constitution is seen as unfinished business. Constitutional reform is when the system of government and how government institutions interact is changed. This has also meant the codification of some components of the constitution in the UK. Between 1997 and 2007, there were a considerable number of constitutional reforms introduced by the Blair governments. These reforms included devolution in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, decentralisation, reform of the House of Lords and Commons, creations of new legislation granting greater freedom and rights within the UK, and so on. However, some of them are yet to be accomplished or in progress related to the electoral and

Jurgen Habermas can be seen as one of the founders of the term and details the idea of refeudalization in their novel “The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere” in which he writes how the bourgeois public sphere eroded because of economic and structural changes. The boundaries between state and society blurred, leading to “a kind of refeudalization of society.” (Habermas, 1989). Essentially state and society became involved in each other’s spheres and large non-governmental organizations replaced the old institutions of the public sphere. Furthermore, where the public sphere takes on a feudal aspect is the process of politicians and organizations representing themselves before the voters. (Habermas, 1989). These ideas are then further explained in more contemporary contexts by Alain Supiot writing that primarily of the refeudalization of law but also “ignorance of the organization of powers underpinning the government by laws is taking us back to government by men, that is, to feudal ways of hybridizing the public and the private.” (Supiot, 2013). Then further clarifying that Western feudalism today is the dependency between people “having a legal character” where there are status differences and the dependent party may be granted possession, but it is “burdened by the obligations to the benefit of the grantor.” (Supiot, 2013). Supiot does however put forward the idea that refeudalization of law does not mean a return to the middle ages but