Explain How The Emphysema Decrease In The Airway

• Decreased SOB, decreased crackles in the bases of the lungs, and possibly decreased O2

The bronchial tubes increase in length and diameter during inhalation. Bronchial tubes decrease in length and diameter during exhalation. Poiseuille’s law can be applied to the lungs when the bronchial tubes become constricted due to an increase in mucus production and can decrease in size. When the bronchial tubes decrease in size and the patient is breathing, it is going to take more pressure to move the air into the swelled bronchi. If the radius of a patient’s bronchial tubes increased by sixteen percent, the pressure to move oxygen into the lungs would double. Therefore, a patient with bronchial smooth muscle constriction of sixteen percent would have to double their driving pressure to keep a constant flow rate. If swelling occurs and the patient does not increase their pressure, the amount of oxygen they are getting to their lungs will decrease. Respiratory therapists can see this taking place in patients with asthma that have excess mucus secretions.

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

As a result of emphysema there is a significant loss of alveolar attachments, which contributes to peripheral airway collapse. There are two major types of emphysema according to the distribution within the acinus and they are; (i) centrolobular emphysema which involves dilatation and destruction of the respiratory bronchioles; and (ii) panlobular emphysema which involves destruction of the whole of the acinus. According to theory, centrolobular is the most common type of emphysema in COPD and is more prominent in the upper zones, while panlobular predominates in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and is more prominent in the lower zones. In relation to patients D.Z. with emphysema, the walls between the tiny air sacs in the lungs are damaged due to long-term cigarette smoking effect on his lungs as evidenced by patient c/o difficulty breathing at rest and productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum r/t a

Also he’s oxygen diffusion rate has increased due to the more oxygen which is absorbed by the alveoli and then circulated around the body.

Cystic fibrosis causes the alveoli to be filled with secretions that the patient cannot cough up or eliminate. The diffusion from the lungs to the blood is decreased because of the secretion filled alveoli. When the PaO2 is less than 60 mm Hg, the carotid bodies are triggered and send an afferent signal from the body to the brain and producing the feeling of dyspnea.

More blood, causing a high force within the Left Ventricle and left atrium. This weight backs up

Emphysema is a condition of the lungs that involves the over-inflation of the air sacs, otherwise known as the alveoli. Normal functioning of the alveoli helps breathing in normal respiration. Unlike other lung diseases this one can be inherited. This is a disease that can affect people of all ages and genders. In 1994, the number of males with emphysema outnumbered the females by fifty four percent. However, in the two years that followed the difference between males and females decreased by ten percent.

Emphysema affects the parenchyma of the lung through destruction of the alveolar walls, leading to permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the

Muscular Dystrophy is the progressive loss of muscle mass and consequent loss of strength. The respiratory complications of having muscular dystrophy includes difficulty breathing, trouble swallowing, weakening muscles of the heart, etc. When the mass of the muscles of inhalation and exhalation begins to weaken, the lungs cannot perform its job properly. This makes it harder to force air pressure within the lungs due to the lack of volume. When the appropriate amount of air pressure isn’t inhale the diaphragm cannot perform its job properly; the diaphragm is essential to inhalation. Exhalation influences the elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs, but if the inhalation process of breathing isn’t functioning properly that means the exhalation

The most commonly observed clinical presentation associated with emphysema is dyspnea. In addition to dyspnea, patients with emphysema may also present with a chronic cough, frequent respiratory infections, fatigue, weight loss, and reduced appetite. Most patients seek medical attention late in the development of their disease, for the disease progresses gradually over the course of years. Other symptoms of emphysema include: cyanosis (bluish tint to the lips, fingertips, and skin; caused by hypoxemia), edema (swelling; commonly in the feet and ankles), and headaches (especially upon waking in the morning as a result of hypercarbia during sleep). Signs of emphysema include barrel chest (change in the shape of the chest caused by enlargement

Within the alveoli, the oxygen is transferred to the blood whilst simultaneously collecting waste carbon dioxide for excretion as we breath out. This transference is known as diffusion and is linked to the cardiovascular system.

One of the key functions of the human respiratory system is to maintain intracellular homeostasis of oxygen and carbon dioxide by means of blood acidity regulation and gas exchange (Silverthorn, Johnson, & Ober, 2013, p. 569). Gas exchange occurs primarily in the alveoli during ventilation, a mechanical process that involves inspiration and expiration, due to changes in pressure between the lungs and the atmosphere (Silverthorn, Johnson & Ober, 2013, p. 570). Inspiration involves movement of air into the lungs and expiration involves movement of air out of the lungs, and the volume of air moved in and out

Emphysema Emphysema is a condition in which there is over-inflation of structures in the lungs known as alveoli or air sacs. This over-inflation results from a breakdown of the walls of the alveoli, which causes a decrease in respiratory function (the way the lungs work) and often, breathlessness. Early symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath and cough. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis together comprise chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Sufferers are required to use energy reserves leaving them quite tired. When emphysema attacks, the respiratory system goes out of homeostasis due the systems inability to efficiently exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as exhausting the energy reserves of the sufferer. A healthy respiratory system refreshes and energizes a body, efficiently pumping in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide without thought or excessive effort.