Explain How the International Trade Flows Should Initially Adjust in Response to the Changes in Inflation (Holding Exchange Rates Constant).

If for example, we assume that Netflix charges its U.S. customers 10 dollars a month for its services and that it wants to charge the same real value to its U.K. customers, if the pound/dollar exchange rate is .5 pounds for 1 dollar then Netflix would have to charge its U.K. customers 5 pounds a month. However, interest rates are constantly changing and if Netflix doesn’t do something about this risk then its cash flow would be constantly changing. For example if the pound depreciates against the

Boral Group has been exposed to changes in interest rate, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices from its activities. Transactions in foreign currencies must be translated at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. (Boral Limited, 2010) According to the notes of Boral Limited, the sensitivity analysis is used in adjusting the interest rate and currency risks in order to prevent the changes arising from changes of the interest rate and the currency rate from making an impact on the consolidated earnings. For example, at 30

When the domestic currency goes up against a foreign currency, it makes imports of goods cheaper and exports more expensive. So domestic businesses that import a lot (i.e. retailers such as Debenhams) would be happy and exporters (i.e. coal miners) would be unhappy. As it will cost cheaper for domestic imports. This will not be a loss of profit for

On the other hand, the peso devaluation will not have that much of a positive effect on Farmington (Antilles) N.V. as the peso depreciates relative to the USD. The result is the subsidiary being negatively impacted as the USD/peso exchange rate is rising, as they convert revenue earned in pesos to USD to deposit into U.S. bank accounts. This facility had almost 4 million MXN receivables at the end of the year. The 1994 average exchange rate is 3.5 MXN/USD, where these 4 million MXNs would equate to approximately 1.14 million USD. When the exchange rate values the devalued peso at 5.0 MXN/USD, these 4 million MXNs are only equal to 0.80 million USDs, showing a loss of more than 300,000 USDs. When the exchange rate changes from 4.0 to 5.0 MXN/USD, we can see the loss the company would experience, and thus the negative impact on this facility.

When the UK economy is doing well, its pound sterling is strong. However, having a strong pound actually discourage visitors from overseas because when they exchange their money in pound they will be getting less money, so it make visiting UK expensive and it deter inbound visitor from visiting UK.

So after the result of the referendum had been out, the first affect is the pound had fallen sharply, according to (Taub,A. 2016.) the pound is at its lowest valuation in seven years. Due to the (Hunt,A. & Wheeler,B. 2016) uncertainty rushing around, a British exit will likely result in a massive rebalancing of currencies. Investors will (and have already begun to) dive out of the British pound and into cash that's perceived as safe — the Swiss franc, the Japanese yen, the U.S. dollar. The changing direction of the investor and the fallen of the pound has spiked the value of Yen which has made Japan’s export being less competitive. Even the fallen of the pound can help the export business and attract more tourism to the country ,which due to the (bbc no name) The travel analytics firm ForwardKeys says flight bookings to the UK rose 7.1% after the vote. The import business still have to pay more for the fuel and material due to the costs which have increased 7.6%. Moreover, since 51% of goods and 45% of services of the British’s export are taken over by the EU. Losing access to the EU single market would mean less trade and less productivity growth which could (Chu,B.2016.)make

Official interest rate changes will also influence asset prices. For example, bond prices are inversely influenced by long-term interest rates. Finally, the official interest rate will also affect the exchange rate which the paper defines as “the relative price of domestic and foreign money” (George et. al, n.d.). When the official interest rate rises, domestic currency (the GBP) will see appreciation making investors want to invest in pounds. Another key point is that with changes in the exchange rate, there will also be a change in the value of domestic and foreign exports and imports. Finally, a change in the official interest rate can also affect people’s expectations and confidence in the economy. For example, some may believe that an increase in interest rates is a signal that the MPC thinks that the economy is expanding thus making further growth likely or, a contradictory interpretation may be that the MPC thinks that the MPC may need to slow growth in order to control inflation (George, n.d).

Given the nature of its business, Jaguar is faced with three types of exchange rate exposure (1) Transaction, (2) Translation and (3) Economic . Transaction exposures arise whenever the firm commits (or is contractually obligated) to make or receive a payment at a future date denominated in a foreign currency. Translation exposures arise from accounting based changes in consolidated financial statements caused by a change in exchange rates. In this case we primarily focus on the Economic exposure -also known as Operating exposure or Competitive exposure- of Jaguar.

dollar to devaluate, which means the deliberate downward adjustment in the exchange rate because it is too high compared to China’s yuan and Germany’s euro. However, the tactics and policies President Trump is trying to introduce are causing it to revaluate or change upward in currency’s value. Investors are still investing in the dollar because they see less translation risk, or the impact of exchange rate changes on a firm’s consolidated financial statements, because Trump’s planned policies have a good chance of increasing the dollar. The high U.S. dollar will cause domestic manufacturing costs to increase causing less product demand from foreign countries. This economic risk, which is the extent to which a firm’s future international earning power is affected by changes in exchange rates, will cause job loss because companies will not be able to pay workers the same with raised

The Bank of England could purchase pounds by selling dollars in order to shift the demand curve for pounds and the Fed could shift the demand curve by buying the pounds. If the British choose to purchase more of U.S. goods and services, the supply curve for pounds increases, and the equilibrium exchange rate for the pound (in terms of dollars) falls to, say, $3. Under the terms of the Bretton Woods Agreement, Britain and the United States would be required to intervene in the market to bring the exchange rate back to the rate fixed in the agreement, $4. The fixed exchange rate systems offer the advantage of predictable currency values—when they are working. In order for the fixed exchange rates to work, the countries participating in them must maintain domestic economic conditions that will keep equilibrium currency values close to the fixed rates.

When we open the economy to international transactions we have to take into account the effects of trade in goods and services (i.e. items in the current account) as well as trade in assets (i.e. items in the capital account). Opening the economy to international trade in goods and services means that we have to take into account the increased demand for our goods by foreigners (our exports), as well as the decreased demand for our goods that occurs because we purchase foreign goods (i.e. our imports). Total expenditures in an open economy are C + I + G + NX, where NX -- net exports -- is equal to the level of exports (X) less the level of imports (V). Thus, our exports (X) represent

This decision has not only affected Britain’s economy but also global economy. The impact in UK markets has been considerable, as Dr. Andrei Nikiforov (August 4th, 2016) stated “Because of this unexpected slowdown in economic activity, the first obvious casualty of the Brexit vote was the British pound, which significantly depreciated against other major currencies.” he bases this statement because right after the vote, the pound (Britain’s currency) dropped its value to the lowest in the last 30 years.

Outline at least six possible benefits to the UK economy of the strong British pound

. If the United Kingdom leaves the British EU will push capital away from the region and toward a safe haven market including Japan and the United States Treasuries. This will raise relative currency values and interest rates which will further lower the market. A higher Japanese Yen and United States dollar are negative to both economies export sectors. This will be unhelpful in the case of Japan because it will reinvigorate decades of deflation in the economy. China will receive pressure from the higher U.S. dollar it will be caught in between its two largest export markets the United States and the European Union. The strong inflation services on tradable goods for the United States will negatively impact domestic demand trends on

Seeing the above results regarding the expected return of UK and USA currencies, we can conclude that investor should invest in UK pounds, because of a higher rate of return.