Explain The Four Theoretical School

The study of Organizational Behavior (OB) is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predictability of a manager about the expected behavior of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behavior. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivity hence the study of human behavior is important. Great importance therefore must be attached to the study.

Kinicki, A., Fugate, M. (2016). Organizational Behavior A Practical, Problem-Solving Approach. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill

Organizational behavior entails the study of individual and also group performance and their interactions and ability to work in groups. It aims at identifying major problems that affects performance within the teams to work together, in a bid to develop a more efficient business operation (Hiriyappa, 2009). It relies heavily on organizational cultures since they reflect how organizations behave

There are many Management Theorists who have devised ways in which a business can achieve success efficiently. The two management theorists that I am going to talk about are Fredrick Winslow Taylor and Max Weber, and I will also compare and contrast their contributions to the field of management. There are 4 main classical theories in management which are: 1. Scientific Management 2. Bureaucracy 3. Administrative Management 4. Human Relations. The two that I will be focusing on for this assignment are Scientific Management and Bureaucracy. Frederick Taylor (March 20th, 1856-March 21st, 1915) was an American Engineer. He sought to improve industrial efficiency in the workplace. The birth of Scientific Method is attributed to Taylor and his main

In this essay, I have chosen to discuss how Max Weber (1864-1920) and Henri Fayol (1841-1925) compare and contrast in their ideology and contributions to the field of management. Max Weber focused on how to structure an organisation to become successful. He developed six main elements to promote this success, which he considered would develop efficiency. He called it bureaucracy. Bureaucracy has its advantages and disadvantages, it was considered to be “both rational and efficient” (Tiernan, Morley, 2013, p. 17), but for example Weber’s rather strict division of labour also led to workers becoming bored and unmotivated. The six elements that he created were; Division of labour, Hierarchy, Selection, Career orientation, Formalisation and Impersonality.

The purpose of this academic essay is to compare and contrast two management theorists in their individual fields of work and further more discuss how these theorists made contributions to the field of management. The author of this academic essay plans to use parameters to discuss their findings through books, journal articles and credible online resources. The theorists the author plans to discuss are Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henri Fayol.

What sets Fayol out from other theorists involved in management was the fact that he wasn’t American like previous theorists such as Taylor but was in fact French. He worked independently during the time when scientific management became known to the world. Originally he was a mining engineer and it was from this that he came to realise that managing a business required a lot of skills apart from technical (Morley, 2013). In 1916 he wrote, “Administration Industrielle et Generale”, which was later translated and published in English as, “General and Industrial Management”, (Morley, 2013). This publication established him as a leader in European /management in the 1900’s according to, (Morley,

Each stage of the management theories development brought new ideas about the nature of an organization, the place and importance of the workplace learning. One of the oldest theories of management is the Scientific Management theory developed by Frederick Taylor, who tried to develop the standards of organizations and their tasks. It is followed by the Bureaucratic Management Theory suggested by Max Weber. This theory mostly concentrated on the types of organizations and the hierarchy of organizational tasks and responsibilities.

Fayol’s theory falls under the category of administrative management, which is concerned with how an organization should be managed to maximize performance. Fayol’s theory

Organizational studies the behaviour, attitudes and performance of people in organisations. This field puts the lens of analysis on how employees’ work contributes to or detracts from the effectiveness and productivity of the organisation. The field has three units of analysis: the individual, the group and the organisation (competitive advantage once again). A ‘micro’ – individual-employee level – aspect of OB emphasises the first two units of analysis and stresses topics such as personality traits (individual differences), employee attitudes and motivation to work, leadership, group formation and group decision making. The ‘macro’ or big-picture approach addresses the organisation as the primary unit of analysis. This is called organisational theory, and its focus is on the topics of organisational structure and organisa- tional design . OB draws support from the fields of individual psychology (personality and cognition), social psychology (people interacting), industrial psychology (people at work), political science (power and influence), anthropology (cultural systems) and economics (incentives and transactions). OT is directly related to OB and draws concepts and research from anthropolo- gy, sociology (nature and behaviour of human groups) and theories of complex organisations (how they form, grow, compete and collaborate). Our approach to OB will use both estab- lished theories and reliable managerial practices to explain the behaviour of

Journal 2 addresses two perspectives of management to evaluate the concepts of management fashion and its management recommendations. There is a logical supposition that organizations must strive to be unique in their business operations to have a fair chance of success, within competition. However the idea of management states presumes resemblance in all businesses, which calls for the profession of ‘managers’ to exist (Brunsson, 2008 pp33). This journal also recognizes the merit of Fayol’s theory in molding Management conceptualization. Furthermore recognizes the success of management recommendations listed by other theorists such as Mintzberg and Kotter, who refer to Fayol’s functions to a respected degree. However the journal does not recognize any relationship between Fayol’s functions and organizational performance. Brunsson refers to Fredrick Taylor’s ‘bottom-up’ view to address this issue. Discussing managements recommendations in terms of fashions imply; “dissatisfaction with the existing recommendations, and ambition to improve these recommendations, a

Early management theories adopted by such proponents as Henri Fayol, Mary Parker Follett and Max Weber are relevant in todays’ world. In this essay I am going to discuss about all three theorists and how their theories are still relevant for managers in the 21st century in meeting the challenges. In the classical approach to management there are three branches under it. They are, scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisation. Henry Fayol and Mary Parker Follett developed theories for administrative principles and Max Weber developed a theory for bureaucratic organisation (Schermerhorn et al. 2014, p.36). First we will be going through Henri Fayol and then Mary Parker Follett as they both made theories

Throughout this essay I will be looking at the management structure Henry Fayol had discovered from his research and how it is still present today and how it has affected our perspective on how we believe managers operate. Moreover, I will analyse Fayol’s work and look at what other theorists such as Mintzberg have said concerning what effective management is. Also I will look at the Human Relations theorists and see how they play an important role in management and how they differ from the theory of classical theorists. Taking this into account I will then give my views on what I think is important to managing effectively and what I believe is true management and compromise all the information to help me conduct my

According to traditional theorists such as Fayol, Weber, and Taylor, a school of thought identifies a level of agreement in their view of organizational system implementation. These classical theorists indicate in their readings that there is

Taylor’s scientific management focused on increasing productivity, whereas Fayol’s administrative management theory focuses on ways to make the organisation more effective and efficient. Scientific management focused on employees as individuals and their tasks, general administrative management theory dealt with total management organization. According to Pindur & Rogers, 1995, General management theory was a much broader theory concerned with administrative management functions and is considered the forerunner of modern organization theory.