Explain The Four Theoretical School

Taylor developed his management theories from the shop floor by studying workers and processes. He came up with 4 principles that managers should apply all of which were composed by the studying of workers and experimentation. From his experiences Taylor thought that workers were motivated by income and that the only effective way to increase productivity was to increase the monetary incentives (Simha and Lemak 2010). Taylor’s theories tend to come from what is needed at the bottom levels of an organization and then begin to look up as to how that can be applied at the management level. Fayol on the other hand, not surprisingly as he was the managing director of the company he worked for, tended to look at things from the top down and noticed that an organization needed a hierarchy in order to run smoothly. He once noted how a horse breaking its leg in one of the mines stalled work because the manager was not around and no one had the authority to get another horse (Wren and Bedeian 2009). This sort of observation shows the necessity to have hierarchy in a company so as to limit the impact such situations can have in the absence of a

Organizational Behaviour can be expressed as an interdisciplinary field of study as it put together the facts from a variety of relevant fields. Organizational Behavior is not an fundamental topic, but it is relatively like a compound subject, with incorporated merging of various fields. In modern terms, Organizational Behavior is an defined as an interdisciplinary approach which helps in analyzing the human behavior in organizations. Organizational behavior can be analyzed in terms of various fields. All fields have contributed a lot in the study of Organizational Behavior. These fields of study are:

“Organizational Behaviour is field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organization. It is the study and application of knowledge about how people act within organizations. It is a human tool for human benefit. It applies broadly to the behaviour of people in all types of organizations, such as business, government, schools and services organizations. It covers three determinants of behaviour in organizations: individuals, groups, and structure”

“Organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in organizations. It is an academic discipline devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes, and organizational dynamics with the goal of improving the performance of organizations and the people in them” (CITATION).

Early management theories adopted by such proponents as Henri Fayol, Mary Parker Follett and Max Weber are relevant in todays’ world. In this essay I am going to discuss about all three theorists and how their theories are still relevant for managers in the 21st century in meeting the challenges. In the classical approach to management there are three branches under it. They are, scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisation. Henry Fayol and Mary Parker Follett developed theories for administrative principles and Max Weber developed a theory for bureaucratic organisation (Schermerhorn et al. 2014, p.36). First we will be going through Henri Fayol and then Mary Parker Follett as they both made theories

“Organizational behavior is the study of the human aspects of organizations, including individual behavior, group behaviour, and their interaction with organizational structure, culture, and processes; with the goal of improving organizational effectiveness.”- Umstot (1984, p. 5)

Today, there is increasing evidence of scientific management becoming dated as we become more focused on incorporating ideologies of modern management approaches. Chowdhury claims that, “There is much truth in the saying that every living practitioner is prisoner to the ideas of a dead theorist.” (2000, pp. 21). It is emphasised here how our view of theorists has dramatically changed over time and one of the reasons for this different perspective as seen in this century is discussed by Grint, “Management theory, especially American management theory, has generally been construed to represent this rational development towards a more effective system over time.” (1997, pp. 48). Due to gradual changes in management practices, it is evident that Taylor’s theory is arguably becoming less significant.

According to traditional theorists such as Fayol, Weber, and Taylor, a school of thought identifies a level of agreement in their view of organizational system implementation. These classical theorists indicate in their readings that there is

There are many Management Theorists who have devised ways in which a business can achieve success efficiently. The two management theorists that I am going to talk about are Fredrick Winslow Taylor and Max Weber, and I will also compare and contrast their contributions to the field of management. There are 4 main classical theories in management which are: 1. Scientific Management 2. Bureaucracy 3. Administrative Management 4. Human Relations. The two that I will be focusing on for this assignment are Scientific Management and Bureaucracy. Frederick Taylor (March 20th, 1856-March 21st, 1915) was an American Engineer. He sought to improve industrial efficiency in the workplace. The birth of Scientific Method is attributed to Taylor and his main

Organizational behavior entails the study of individual and also group performance and their interactions and ability to work in groups. It aims at identifying major problems that affects performance within the teams to work together, in a bid to develop a more efficient business operation (Hiriyappa, 2009). It relies heavily on organizational cultures since they reflect how organizations behave

The study of Organizational Behavior (OB) is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predictability of a manager about the expected behavior of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behavior. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivity

The study of Organizational Behavior (OB) is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predictability of a manager about the expected behavior of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behavior. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivity hence the study of human behavior is important. Great importance therefore must be attached to the study.

Kinicki, A., Fugate, M. (2016). Organizational Behavior A Practical, Problem-Solving Approach. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill

Non classical conceptualizations of managerial work (Mintzberg, Stewart etc.) help define the nature of managerial work. However Fayol’s classical approach best conceptualizes management functions and a manager’s job, so it is the best source to be used for educational purposes.

In order to link the introduction with the topic, the background to these classical theories will be briefly outlined. Bureaucracy was described by Max Weber in his 1922 essay Bureaucracy, and according to Grey (2013), it is the kind of organisation which emerges from the complete application of the rational-legal principle is one which is entirely defined by rules and a series of hierarchical relationships. As for scientific management which is called Taylorism as well. It Works for each step in detail and the time required to design the most effective working methods, and for each work to establish a certain amount of work standards, be classified as a standard work process; The actions of men and time, in the most economic way to achieve the highest yield, so also known as mechanical model.