Explain The Manifestations Of Crime

One may avoid negativity for any kind of reason. One may be distressed by it, or perhaps one may find negativity traumatizing to their emotions. Whatever it may be, some people attempt to dodge any sort of negativity. The topic of my independent novel serves to not only challenge the idea of avoiding any kind of depressing news, but to bring light to new ways of thinking that humanity should adopt should we want to understand the roots of crime. Furthermore, we should use our knowledge of these roots to prevent crime.

“There is an undoubted race element, too. In 2010, black people were five times more likely to be incarcerated, and those figures are unlikely to have improved since then” (Holder).The war on drugs have affected mostly poor black communities of color even though black people are just as likely as whites to sell and use illegal drugs.

The Drug Policy Alliance is an organization dedicated to making reforms to US drug laws, abolishing the failed the war on drugs, and advocating for harm reduction strategies. Located on their website, the article "Race and the Drug War", cites several troubling statistics and everyday realities that link the drug war to racism and discrimination. Among these, the fact that despite the rates of drug use being similar across racial lines, black Americans are more than three times as likely to be arrested for drug crimes. This is due to the fact that low-income, predominantly black neighborhoods are heavily patrolled for drug activity while higher-income neighborhoods are less scrutinized. The aim of the article is meant to persuade the reader

The war on drugs during the 1980s to present has become a center of attention for the American governments’ foreign and domestic policy. Though the idea to clean up Americas streets sounds convincing, the truth is, it’s not. Hence, the War on Drugs is seen as a situation of the war within our government and institutionalizing the streets of America, in other words, the separation against certain groups to possess a certain radical objective. Although most are unaware, race and the declaration to the War on Drugs has played a vital role in marginalizing the communities as a target. In return those, mostly of African American decent, are expose tot the institutions and police control within neighborhoods. In addition, the Drug War has been a

The war on drugs began during Nixon’s administration in 1968 and was designed in efforts to reduce the amount of drugs being sold and consumed in America (Moore & Elkavich, 2008). Nixon believed that getting drugs out of the hands of people would make the country a safer and better place, however these new drug laws did not reduce the amount of drugs being consumed or distributed. Instead, these laws incarcerated a large amount of people and have resulted in a continuation of inequality in our country. While Marx would argue that the war on drugs prolongs inequality through class conflict because it targets low class individuals, advantages upper class communities while disadvantaging the poor communities, and it makes the cycle of class differences continue, Wells-Barnett would argue that the war on drugs perpetuates inequality through its racism because it was created in response to colored people using drugs, it targets black males, and the sentencing varies based on whom the drug is linked to.

The combination of segregation, concentration, and unjust treatment by police has caused an imbalanced focus of the drug war towards African Americans. Due to a large number of businesses and factories moving to the suburbs taking those privileged enough to move with them, concentrations of poor, black communities appeared throughout inner cities without the presence of jobs and resources to nourish them (Wilson, 1996). These areas, which are vulnerable to decay and poverty, are more likely to experience

The U.S. Public Health Service Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported in “1992 that 76% of drug users in the United States were white, 14% were African-American, and 8% were Hispanic (6).” Cocaine users were estimated to be 66% white, 17.6% Black, and 15.9% Hispanic. Which demonstrated patterns of use that don’t approach arrest disparities, as African Americans 'are less likely to use drugs than whites. There is also no sufficient evidence to conclude that African Americans are more likely to deal drugs, yet blacks more likely to be arrested for drug possession, nor are whites frisked at the same rate as blacks other minorities. Which demonstrates patterns of drug use that don’t approach arrest and incarceration disparities, as African Americans 'are less likely to use drugs than whites. (6)

“The war on drugs” is an American phrase which is usually applied to an operation of military intervention, prohibition of drugs and military aid, with the stated target of abbreviating the illegal drug trade. The massive amount of growth of prisoners from that time has highly contributed to the prison overflow that the US has become accustomed to today. In the United Sates, prisons contain more individuals than any other country in the world mostly because the war on drugs. Harsh punishments and misguided drug legislations specifications have resulted in great unfair consequences for those of colour. Even though rates of drug usage are parallel amongst ethnic and racial lines, people of Latino or black origin have a considerably higher chance of being criminalized. The drug war leads the way in mass incarceration and racial differences in the U.S. legal

This article discusses how African American drug users are doing less drugs than white Americans but are spending more time in jail than those white drug users. I don’t think this article represents the different structures needed to make up society. Functionalism also focuses needs that are fulfilled by different institutions and I feel that conflict theory addressed the problem of racism in society better than society coming together as one to function as a whole.

Every day, hundreds of people fall victims of violent crimes. The FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports show that roughly 1,165,383 violent crimes were reported (Uniform Crime Report, 2014). Due to the dark figure of crime, the amount of unreported violent crimes is unknown. To try to prevent these crimes from occurring, researchers first need to understand why individuals become violent. The Nature verse Nurture debate argues that people are either born violent due to their genetic make-up or due to their environment; they are conditioned to have violent behavior. By using theories such as the Social Learning Theory and the Homicide Adaptive Theory, each side with be broken down. Through the analysis of Nature verse Nurture, it can be argued

Sociological explanations of the causes of crime and deviance: an evalutation. Unusual behaviour, such as cross-dressing can be seen as deviant in some places, criminal in others and acceptable else where. According to sociologist William Graham Sumner ‘deviance is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether codified by codified by laws or not.’ According to Howard Becker 1963, defining deviance has is not a straightforward task. ‘Deviance is not the quality of the act.

a. Imagine asking 100 strangers to describe a criminal. Predict whether those descriptions would be likely to focus on street criminals, or the variety of topics covered in this video.

Additionally, epistemological assumptions pertain to how knowledge is obtained through investigating origins, structure, methods, and the validity of knowledge (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Consequently, crime theories are based on the assumption that the world can be understood through science, that is, the human capacity to observe and to reason (Bohm & Vogel, 2011, p. 3). The last assumptions are metaphysical assumptions, which addresses the question of what is nature of reality (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Furthermore, present in all criminology theory are two ontological assumptions, and the first assumption addresses whether human behavior is free willed or determined (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Subsequently, the next assumption considers the inherent condition of human beings, or the condition of human beings in a hypothetical state of nature (Bohm & Vogel,

The War on Drugs in the United States has a profound influence on both the incarceration rates and activities of the criminal justice system. Many politicians and advocates of the policy claim that the War on Drugs is a necessary element to deter criminal behavior and reduce the crime rate. However, studies show that drug deterrent policies on possession and use have been inadequate and unsuccessful (Cole & Gertz, 2013). Studies also show that the War on Drugs has not attained its objectives because the policy exhibits racial discrepancy as it has led to the disproportionate incarceration of Blacks and minorities. Specifically, evidence indicates that the upper class, generally White individuals, is more likely to use powered cocaine while

There are many perceptions of what defines crime. The definitions appear to change throughout history and are still changing today (Henry, S. and Lanier, M. M., 2001 ,p.139). For example, in the past marital rape was not considered a crime as it was thought that women were believed to be “sexual property” of the male and, therefore it couldn’t be classed as rape (Brownmiller, 1975, cited by Bergen, R.K., 1996, p.3). However, in the United States in 1978 a man was convicted of rape on his wife (Russell, 1990, cited by Bergen, R.K., 1996, p.4). This shows how it is hard to define crime due to the changes in views over time. Different cultures also have different perceptions of what is, or is not considered to be a crime. For example,