Explain The Structure Of Carbohydrates

1. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up carbohydrates. Small carbs contain twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms; simple sugars, called monosaccharides, are the basic building blocks for

Carbohydrates have two functions which is, provides short term energy and structure in some organisms. They have an atomic makeup of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, with a 2:1 ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen. The monomer is a monosaccharide which contains a single sugar. A couple examples of this would be glucose, fructose, and deoxyribose which is found in DNA. Yet, foods with this monomer in it would be mostly fruits, candy, and soda. Carbohydrates also have a polysaccharide which is a polymer made of many monosaccharides strung together. Some examples of these are starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. A starch is storage from glucose in plants(potatoes, pasta, waffles, and toast). Glycogen is storage from glucose in animals. Cellous is structure in plants (cell wall). Chitin is structure in animals (exoskeleton).

(Driskell 29) These simple carbohydrates are easily broken down, converted into glucose for the body and easily flow into the blood stream. The downside to this form of carbohydrates is that they are most common in the form of refined sugars or refined flours which retain very few vitamins after being processed. (“HealthStyle Fitness”) As the body uses this form of glucose a cycle begins which involves fluctuations of high and low blood sugar. This cycle works when blood sugar rises after the consumption of simple carbs and then as the blood sugar begins to drop the body demands more simple carbs to bring blood sugar levels back to up. The cycle that is formed essentially keeps the body from burning body fat because there is a continuous demand and consumption of simple carbohydrates. The second form of carbohydrates is that of complex carbohydrates which consist of polysaccharides, three or more monosaccharides. These complex carbs are found in the form of starch, fiber and glycogen (animal starch). Those complex carbohydrates consumed in the form of starch are found in plant foods like corn, wheat, potatoes, cereals, pastas, and beans. When they are broken down these carbs allow for the slow production and release of glucose into the blood stream and allowing for a consistent blood sugar level. (Guthrie 27) Dietary fiber is another form of complex carbs which are present in plant foods because fiber is

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates can come from fruits, vegetables, and grains. There are two different kinds of carbohydrates. The first being simple carbohydrates, which are sugars. Glucose, fructose, and galactose fall under the sugar category. Then you have your complex carbohydrates, which are starch in grains, glycogen stored in our muscles, and fiber. When it comes to energy within our body glucose is a major source of energy. When our body does not get enough carbohydrates to supply enough glucose, our body will make glucose from proteins. I applied this to my life by making sure I eat fruits, vegetables, and grains to get my carbohydrates every single

Carbohydrates are macromolecules which and contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C,H,O). There are also two types of sugars, sweet soluble and starches which are non-soluble. Sugars can also be single or simple sugars.Carbohydrates can be found in a wide variety of foods such as pasta, wheat and grains, rice, potatoes, fruits and sugars. Carbohydrates are broken down into

(Ashley Parrish, 06/04/2015, para.2) Carbohydrates are in foods like rice, potatoes, bread, and pasta. Carbohydrates can be healthy and unhealthy. Healthier carbohydrates include beans, fruits and vegetables, and whole grains. Unhealthy carbohydrates can be white bread, pastries, and soda. (Ashley Parrish, 06/04/2015, para.5) When consuming carbohydrates, our body takes the carbohydrates and turns it into glucose which becomes energy for our body. (Harvard T.H.Chan, para.4) The three main types of carbohydrates are sugar, starch, and fiber. Eating too many carbohydrates can cause excessive weight gain. (Emily Wax, 02/09/2016,

Lipids are fats and oils and have no true monomers, but they are made of glycerol and fatty acids. Lipids can be saturated, which means that every carbon has a single bond and has the maximum number of hydrogens possible, and they can be unsaturated, which means the carbons can have double bonds and not the maximum number of hydrogen. Lipids store energy, act as insulation to organisms, and protect organs from injury. Nucleic acids are made of monomers called nucleotides, and they make up the DNA and RNA of an organism. They have the information needed to produce proteins needed for a person’s body.

Lipids make up the outer membranes of cells, while carbohydrates can be used to make exoskeletons. Furthermore, the glycerol heads in lipids are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen which are attached to long hydrocarbon tails. Carbohydrates must have this ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen:(CH2O)n They both contain a lot of energy. Another similarity is that both carbohydrates and lipids can be used to provide structure. Both are broken by hydrolysis and combined using dehydration

Carbohydrates: one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body. Your

Carbohydrates, specifically glucose and galactose are essential to the body for energy. Glycerol is used for structure in the human body because the polysaccharides are too large to use for energy. While the other polysaccharide within humans digestion is cellulose; a structural carb, humans cannot digest it and it is used as a dietary fiber. The body gains carbs through the food digested. Lipids are essential to the body for insulation.

Both carbohydrates and lipids main function is to store and provide energy to the organism. For example, carbohydrates already have one oxygen atom per carbon and hydrogen atom which allows for the breakdown of carbohydrates to be fast. On the other hand, lipids need two oxygen atoms to become carbon dioxide and one more oxygen atom per hydrogen atom which makes the breakdown of lipids take longer, releasing more energy. While carbohydrates can release energy quickly, lipids release over twice as much energy than carbohydrates. The reason lipids are so energy rich is for the fact that lipids have more carbon hydrogen bonds(energy-rich) than carbohydrates possess.

Lipids and Carbohydrates Lipids are a group of substances, which include fats, oils and waxes. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, glycogen and cellulose. They are stored in plants as starches and in animals as glycogen. There are many differences between carbohydrates and lipids.

Sugar, starches, and cellulose are all carbohydrates (The American Heritage Student Science Dictionary 57). Carbohydrates are just a fancier way of saying “sugar”. It’s called an organic compound because it is made up of one long chain of carbon atoms. They provide living things with energy and can act as substances that are used for structure. When multiple carbohydrates combine they change to polysaccharide.

Most organic compounds in living organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids they are called macromolecules. Each of these macromolecules is made of smaller subunits. These subunits are linked by dehydration synthesis. Dehydration synthesis is an energy requiring process in which a molecule of water is removing and the two subunits are boded

The term ‘’Carbohydrates’’ is defined as the carbon compounds which contains hydroxyl groups in large quantities (King, 2013). Carbohydrates are those organic compounds which have the empirical formula CnH2nOn, or (CH2O)n (Fromm 1997). Carbohydrates are one of the four types of organic compounds in living cells that are produces during photosynthesis and are the important source of energy in both plants and animals (Ahmed 2014). They are built from monosaccharides. These monosacchradies are the small molecules that consists of three to nine carbon atoms and differ in size and in the stereochemical configuration at one or more carbon centers. The simplest carbohydrates also contain either an aldehyde or ketone compounds (freeman 2002). Carbohydrates are classified as simple and complex carbohydrates. The classification of carbohtdydrates is based on the chemical structure of the food and how fast it absorbs. Simple carbohydrates contains single or double sugars in their chemical structure whereas complex carbohydrates consists of three or more sugars (ahmed 2014). There are four major types of carbohydrates depending on their chemical composition.