Explain The Three Professions To Clean The Dirty Cities In 1309

With New York Jets’ guard Brian Winters set to hit free agency, should general manager Mike Maccagnan bring him back?

In the article, “Stinky Pits: A History”, Kristin Lewis explains that throughout history many advancements in smell have occurred. The timeline gives examples, such as how “In 18th-century France, doves drenched in perfume were released”. Another example could be how “Before modern sewer systems, London streets”, were “a bouquet of stink,”.

In the Report on the Conditions of the Laboring Population of Great Britain, Edwin Chadwick discussed diseases, filth, overcrowding, bad ventilation, and short lives of the laboring classes (Doc 5). Furthermore, individuals spoke against safety and health conditions in factories across Europe. Illnesses were widespread and children suffered from disease as well. Tocqueville (Doc 3) and Tristan (Doc 6), a guest and a ladies' rights advocate from France respectively, remarked on the “physical and moral degradation of this class of the population”, claiming that the factories were creating harmful pollution to the environment and poisoning the people with unsafe contamination; however, the conflict between the French and the English might just have made them enhance and amplify this issue, exaggerating the actual health problems the factories produced. Similarly, Chadwick was plagued and daunted by the foul, filthy work regions of the laboring classes (Doc 5).

On a daily basis we walk past several dumpsters – even though we may not see them. In the cities (mostly big and populated states) like the following: Los Angles, Boston, Chicago, Seattle, and New York City, there are over thousands of dumpsters in the alley-ways. As humans we walk by smelling the odor coming from the trash, and continue walking. In Lars Eighner’s “On Dumpster Diving” he will inform us about what he thinks and believes on the subject of dumpster diving.

There were the wool pluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle men. . . There were those who made the tins for the canned meat, and their hands too, were a maze of cuts, and each cut represented a change for blood poisoning. . . as for the other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting—sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world a Durham’s Pure Leaf Lard! (p.117)

The issues tied with the expansion of Manchester included health concerns, working conditions, and living conditions which was met with positive and negative reactions. Health conditions during the Industrial Revolutions were of second importance to many. Cities were hotspots for disease. Cities were quite filthy and not well ventilated and many animal and plant matter decomposed and created an almost suffocating atmosphere (Doc. 6). Due to the poor sanitation of cities many people who lived in urban centers fell ill and died due to disease.

Herbert hoover, and Franklin Roosevelt were both a very important part of the great depression. However both played a totally different role in it. Hoover was more known as the one who caused it. He was not liked by many people, and tried blaming the depression on them.(Biography.com Editors) FDR took over after Hoover and helped America out a lot. He provided help for people in America. He created jobs, provided food and, helped people in need. He even ended the depression in 1939. (Freidel) FDR and Hoover were two very different people. Both came from two totally different lives. Also they both took different turns on the great depression, one started it and the other finished.(Hoover V.S. Roosevelt)

Lars Eighners essay “On Dumpster Diving” describes the lifestyle of living out of a dumpster. Lars demonstrates that anyone can achieve a fulfilling life without the constraints of society and material wealth. He finds nearly everything he needs and sometimes more just from the refuse of others. Firstly, what is dumpster diving? Dumpster diving is the practice of sifting through commercial or residential waste in order to obtain items one might find useful that have been discarded by their owners. Dumpster diving is largely associated with the homeless or people with little or no source of income. In January 2013, 610,042

In England during the industrial revolution there was a lot of poverty and pollution, especially in the main towns where the mass unemployment and people often had to go into the work houses. The conditions that they were made to work in were overcrowded. There was no sanitation or anywhere to clean, and there was a large amount of pollution. These all led to diseases among the workers. Some of the jobs that the children were made to do were chimney sweeping or selling matches. Adults had to do bone crushing for fertilisers, working in kitchens and doing the laundry for rich people.

Amongst the devastation and despair the Black Death left in its wake, it also brought with it some much-needed change to the way medieval Europeans were living. Although it ended many innocent lives, it also began a new era of social and economic living. In the years following the first outbreak of the plague, medical knowledge and awareness of hygiene dramatically improved, as did the living and working conditions of the workers. Other benefits included the rapid growth of Europe’s middle class and thus the fall of the feudal system, the loss of the church’s supreme authority, and the increase in economic power for medieval women.

London is in a state of dire need of sanitation. There is rubble from bombings amid the “vistas of rotting nineteenth-century houses, their sides shored up with baulks of timber, their windows patched with cardboard and their roofs with corrugated iron”(2). Electricity and plumbing seldom function and many people live in hunger and filth. Scarce food rations are served. The Party however, shows no concern nor makes any notable effort to improve the living conditions. The Party is also neglectful towards a population called the Proles, who are the lower class citizens. They were “left to themselves, like cattle turned loose upon the plains of Argentina”(61). Because they were not seen as a threat to the Party, the Proles were disregarded. Not only this, they were degraded. The Party claims that “Proles and animals are free”(62), which compares the abilities of the Proles to that of animals.

Douglas’ research demonstrates how dirt and cleanliness have diverse cultural meanings depending on one’s setting. Dr. Douglas explains that cleanliness

On the other end of the society scale, the working poor were working and living in unbearable conditions. There were no irrigation systems, running water or any way of preserving hygiene in the homes or the factories. The working poor lived in slums and tenements which were breeding grounds for diseases. In the book, “The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844” by Friedrich Engels, he states, “...at the end of the covered passage, a privy without a door, so dirty that the inhabitants can pass into and out of the court only by passing through foul pools of stagnant urine and excrement.” (page 78)1. This gives us a peek into the horrible unsanitary conditions that the working class were forced to endure while the business owners were living in beautiful mansions and summer houses.

Public health can be dated back to the Romans whom understood even during this time frame that proper division of human waste was a necessary tenant of public health in urban areas. Even dating as early as 1000 BC, the Chinese developed the practice of variolations

This analysis provides a historical context to investigate domestic occurrences and customary behaviors in western culture during the 18th century. Through the study of the daily chores and hygiene practices of people during this time, I will gain an in-depth understanding of practices, which developed over time, serving as the foundation of our culture in present day. The purpose is to gain in-depth understanding related to gender expectations, responsibilities, social class, health care customs and personal upkeep within a domestic culture are the focus. Finding will determine complexities in the nature of the lives of those who managed these dwellings, by studying preserved artifacts, journals, and documented practices from the 1700's.