Explain The Three Professions To Clean The Dirty Cities In 1309

Public health was an extremely important issue that sparked reactions to the polluted water and air, the Corn Laws and the well-being of laborers in filthy conditions. “Diseases caused or aggravated by atmospheric impurities produced by decomposing animal and vegetable substances, by damp and filth, and close and overcrowded dwellings, prevail among the laboring classes. The annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation is greater than the loss from death or wounds in modern wars” (doc 6), “Most workers lack clothing, bed, furniture, fuel wholesome food, even potatoes! They spend from twelve to fourteen hours each day shut up in low-ceilinged rooms where with every breath of foul air they absorb fibers of cotton, wool, or particles of copper, lead or iron. They live suspended between an insufficiency of food and an excess of strong drink; they are all wizened, sickly and emaciated, their bodies thin and frail, their limbs

In England during the industrial revolution there was a lot of poverty and pollution, especially in the main towns where the mass unemployment and people often had to go into the work houses. The conditions that they were made to work in were overcrowded. There was no sanitation or anywhere to clean, and there was a large amount of pollution. These all led to diseases among the workers. Some of the jobs that the children were made to do were chimney sweeping or selling matches. Adults had to do bone crushing for fertilisers, working in kitchens and doing the laundry for rich people.

DINA ODUM Professor Moskowitz ENGLISH 121 ESSAY 3 11/5/2014 Thesis and Support: “On Dumpster Diving” by Lars Eighner Lars Eighners essay “On Dumpster Diving” describes the lifestyle of living out of a dumpster. Lars demonstrates that anyone can achieve a fulfilling life without the constraints of society and material wealth. He finds nearly everything he needs and sometimes more just from the refuse of others. Firstly, what is dumpster diving? Dumpster diving is the practice of sifting through commercial or residential waste in order to obtain items one might find useful that have been discarded by their owners. Dumpster diving is largely associated with the homeless or people with little or no source of income. In January 2013, 610,042

London is in a state of dire need of sanitation. There is rubble from bombings amid the “vistas of rotting nineteenth-century houses, their sides shored up with baulks of timber, their windows patched with cardboard and their roofs with corrugated iron”(2). Electricity and plumbing seldom function and many people live in hunger and filth. Scarce food rations are served. The Party however, shows no concern nor makes any notable effort to improve the living conditions. The Party is also neglectful towards a population called the Proles, who are the lower class citizens. They were “left to themselves, like cattle turned loose upon the plains of Argentina”(61). Because they were not seen as a threat to the Party, the Proles were disregarded. Not only this, they were degraded. The Party claims that “Proles and animals are free”(62), which compares the abilities of the Proles to that of animals.

With the development of cities the working class ended up living in low income slums. Friedrich Engels stated in The Condition of the Working Class in England, “Every great town had one or more slums areas into which the working class are packed.” (Document 5) The slums then lead to poorer living conditions such as infected water and poor ventilation, which effected the life span of the people. Living with the poor condition meant that they were prone to get sick. As Edwin Chadwich pointed out in his report, “That the annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation are greater than the loss from death or wounds in any wars in which the country has been engaged in modern times” (Document 6) In addition to these struggles, Karl Marx from the Communist Manifesto said, “Modern industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist.” (Document 10) This quote shows that this is another way the poor is being controlled by the rich and that someday there will be a classless

There were the wool pluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle men. . . There were those who made the tins for the canned meat, and their hands too, were a maze of cuts, and each cut represented a change for blood poisoning. . . as for the other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting—sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world a Durham’s Pure Leaf Lard! (p.117)

During the Elizabethan era, there were a variety of jobs that people occupied as they did anything they could just to survive. Finding work was very difficult and led to many people in desperate need of jobs. Acrobat- A person who entertained others. Accountant- The man of business in the castle. Apothecary-

The Industrial Revolution was marked as the biggest shift from an agrarian, handcrafted economy, to an economy dominated by machines. The Industrial Revolution began during the 1700s in Great Britain when King George III was in power. The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects such as the invention of the

On the other end of the society scale, the working poor were working and living in unbearable conditions. There were no irrigation systems, running water or any way of preserving hygiene in the homes or the factories. The working poor lived in slums and tenements which were breeding grounds for diseases. In the book, “The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844” by Friedrich Engels, he states, “...at the end of the covered passage, a privy without a door, so dirty that the inhabitants can pass into and out of the court only by passing through foul pools of stagnant urine and excrement.” (page 78)1. This gives us a peek into the horrible unsanitary conditions that the working class were forced to endure while the business owners were living in beautiful mansions and summer houses.

In the article, “Stinky Pits: A History”, Kristin Lewis explains that throughout history many advancements in smell have occurred. The timeline gives examples, such as how “In 18th-century France, doves drenched in perfume were released”. Another example could be how “Before modern sewer systems, London streets”, were “a bouquet of stink,”.

The Year 1000 Health and diseases are very important factors of our life, but with the life expectancy of thirty-one in the eleventh and twelfth century why did they continue to live in such of a un hygienic ways? Of Course with non existent knowledge of hygiene the filth left by the human feces, it was the only detriment to their lives, but their faith seemed to have been more important than anything. Superstitions also had a role in this, it was believed that disease was a spread of bad odors. It was also believed that the diseases of the body were caused by the sins of the soul. Dating back to the medieval times, if you were to have a somewhat like demon soul, of course the logical thing to do at that time was trepanning. It was a form

People often lived and worked in family unit, presenting everything by their own hand. Porter (1999) points out that around 75% British lived in the village, and most people ensure their life by farming. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, this situation no longer continued. The new law required that all owner’s of gazing grounds must afford the expense for fence, which lead to many farmers go bankrupt, at the meantime, many hand weavers unemployed because the new machines capability of produce big amount outputs (Stearns, 1998). Consequently, it forced many people find jobs in new factories, and moved to cities where the factory located (Porter, 1999). It is also important to state that although they worked for long hours, they only get paid little money. As they could not afford the higher living expenses in big cities, they had to move into the slum house. It is necessary to point out that over 12,000 people lived in 1,400 houses, nearly one family shared per room (included about nine people at average) (Engles, 1968: 62). This lead to several distress like air pollution, typhoid and cholera to threaten people’s lives (Stearns, 1998). Dean (1983: 104) also describes that the living conditions were fearful, in the course of early year of Industrial Revolution, over half of children aged under five years old dead because of the infectious

Germans tried to starve the Jews to death by allowing The waste was thrown out on the streets with all the trash (Life in the Ghettos). In addition, very few people had access to water, which soon made them become filthy. Thus, it was hard to prevent becoming diseased when living in such poor conditions. “They all suffered endless infections illness, vermin, infestation, dehydration, and low morale” (Ghetto Life 30). Lacking proper medication, the ghettos physicians did their very best administer aid to the people whose symptoms were discovered earlier on. Even in the winter, heating was very scarce. Many froze in to death. Having very few things to live off of, tens of thousands died in the ghettos from either starvation, illness, or cold. However, all of these things did not stop them from being forced to work.

In 1968, the job of a sanitation worker was one of the toughest and most unsanitary jobs in Memphis. These men worked six days a week and received poor wages that were contingent upon route completion. Most were forced to hold another job since wages were not sufficient enough to keep their families above the poverty line. The garbage was filthy and extremely inconvenient for the workers to collect. “I would be feeling awful every day. We had these tubs and we had to put the garbage in. You put that tub on your head or your shoulder, whichever was comfortable for you to bring it out. Most of those tubs had holes in them. That garbage would leak all over you. By the time you got home in the evening, you had to pull out those old dirty clothes while maggots had fell all on you ("Sanitation Workers Remember King's Last Stand").” The worker's safety was not taken into account, and they were not provided proper tools needed to complete heavy lifting tasks. The cheapest garbage trucks were purchased even though they routinely malfunctioned and created unsafe environments for the operators because cost trumped safety. The mostly black sanitation workers worked in a very

HOUSEHOLD CLEANLINESS & PERSONAL HYGIENE; SPACES; OBJECTS; CUSTOMS OF THE 18TH CENTURY This analysis provides a historical context to investigate domestic occurrences and customary behaviors in western culture during the 18th century. Through the study of the daily chores and hygiene practices of people during this time, I will gain an in-depth understanding of practices, which developed over time, serving as the foundation of our culture in present day. The purpose is to gain in-depth understanding related to gender expectations, responsibilities, social class, health care customs and personal upkeep within a domestic culture are the focus. Finding will determine complexities in the nature of the lives of those who managed these dwellings, by studying preserved artifacts, journals, and documented practices from the 1700's.