Explain Two Effects of the Environment on Physiological Processes

This information can come from a variety of sources including: visual, tactile, temperature, or odor. Additionally, it could come from physical surroundings such as buildings, streets, or parks. The amount of stimulation from this data fluctuates in “intensity, frequency, duration, number of sources and by type (Hutchison, 2015)”. This theory believes that both too much and too little stimulation is damaging to the human psyche. Too much stimulation is known as stimulus overload and too little stimulus is called restricted environmental stimulation. Stimulation interrupts the way a person feels and thinks, as well as the way they react in social atmospheres. Furthermore, it affects an individual’s mental and physical health. Moderate levels of stimulation are desired for optimal

Ecosystems is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment that work together to form a functional unit and they are constantly changing due to the fluctuating equilibrium from natural stress and human action which has had adversarial impacts on ecosystems. This is evident in Minnamurra rainforest as human induced modifications and environmental stresses had resulted in a vulnerable ecosystem. Furthermore, the removal of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of an ecosystem is important as it affect the functioning of the ecosystem as processes are accelerated, biodiversity is decreased which greatly affects humans. Despite the negative effects caused by humans, they have discovered that ecosystems are susceptible from harm caused by natural environmental factors or human impacts and realised the importance of protecting and managing ecosystems therefore have implemented management strategies that are supposed to prevent further detriment and as a consequence may induce resiliency.

have had some influences over the basic wiring of the brain, affecting how ones in power extend

These changes have a greater impact on the subjects and change them and their lives in multiple ways. Castro demonstrates this where he says, “The most interesting part of the study, however, came when the researchers examined the brain changes that paralleled the changes in exploratory behavior. Before ending the experiment, the mice were injected with a compound that’s selectively incorporated into dividing cells, and hence labels adult-born neurons. While most neurons are fashioned during early development, there are a handful of well-studied brain areas in which new neurons are continuously produced even in adulthood. Strikingly, the mice which were the “wanderers” at the end of the study were also those who experienced the greatest proliferation of adult-born neurons. While the usual caution of correlation not implying causation applies here, the result is still intriguing. Even after the genetic die are cast at conception, and after the bulk of the neural scaffolding is laid down in early life, the brain maintains a trickle of raw potential through its ability to grow a limited number of new neurons. The authors conjecture that these neurons are involved in tailoring and tuning our behaviors, applying context-specific corrections and adjustments to the more hard-coded aspects of our behavior. In their words,

People are effected biologically in different ways. The brainstem / hypothalamus, the limbic system, and the

Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors, as well as our thoughts and feelings, are produced by the actions of our brains, nerves, muscles, and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being, including the most remarkable of human organs—the brain. We’ll consider the structure of the brain and also the methods that psychologists use to study the brain and to understand how it works.

Although we would not be here without having the knowledge of physical changes in the brain, knowing about the chemical impacts in the brain play a big role in today’s society. Learning about the chemical changes happening in the brain changes the way doctors perform surgery, they way antibiotics are made, and the way people view schizophrenics and other mentally ill patients. Our understanding on how physical changes impact the brain makes a bigger impact on human lives.

Throughout the course of history, the phenomenon of psychology has drawn countless psychologists and scientists to further comprehend the depths and fascinations of the human mind and body. Using experimentation as a source of obtaining and recording desired information regarding the new realizations of the mind, cognitive scientists continue to fathom at the intricate revelations the mind has to offer. Although the complexities of the mind have brought scientists to puzzling conclusions, scientists have used a series of experimental steps to conclude how and why the processes of the brain can change the actions and personalities of an individual.

In classical neuroscience, there was the theory that the adult brain was considered fixed and inflexible; every part had a specific purpose and function and when it is damaged, cannot be replaced or repaired. Today experimental techniques suggest and embrace the recognition that the brain is plastic and can change itself with exercise and understanding whether you are an infant or an adult. It explains that the brain is constantly seeping out in various directions and is apparently able to respond to injury with a striking functional reorganization, and sometimes actually thinks itself into a new structure of body arrangement. Doidge also argues that plasticity can be good or bad based on the way a brain is used. For instance, on the wrong side individuals who watches pornography have deleterious part of their brain that makes them addictive to watching porn and

The researchers concluded that this indicated mirror neurons coded not just for action, but the goals of action. Kohler and colleagues (2007) expanded on this idea, showing that some neurons were activated with the mere sound of the result of an intended action (i.e. cracking a peanut). The authors asserted that this indicated that mirror neurons were so tuned to goals that the sound of an action reaching its goal was enough for the macaque to understand the entire action that would have been involved. The results of both studies were said to apply neatly to humans as well. That is, if action understanding is supported by the mirror neuron system of macaques, it is most likely supported by the human mirror neuron system (hMNS). There are two major problems with this view. First, it has been shown that human mirror neurons are much more broadly tuned than monkeys. There is not enough evidence to generalize macaque studies to humans in this way (Hickok 2008). Second, both of these studies fail to acknowledge that the activation of mirror neurons may have been the result, or a byproduct, of understanding rather than the cause. Their activity, then, may only have reflected understanding earlier in processing.

An individuals’ perception of him/herself and their environment, is continuously modified by stimulating interaction between: the person and the environment, and between the person and other people (Siegel, 2006). Neurobiological processes that allow human beings to have the capacity to teach, draw, maintain attention, and learn (Siegel, 2006), aid in one’s ability to interpret and react to their environment (Begley, 2007).

The text introduces us to specific ways in which the body itself detects a change in the internal environment and how the body responds to the change in order to regulate or maintain a constant balance internally for the well-being of the person.

All behaviour is provided by the nervous system from a blinking eye to talking. Everything we do relies on the integration of numerous processes within the body, which is controlled by the nervous system (Atkinson et al. 1990). It wasn’t until the late 19th Century with the development of stronger magnifying lenses and staining techniques that the nervous system could be looked at in detail (Wickens, 2005). The integrating units of the nervous system are specialized cells called neurons. There are approximately 1 billion neurons in a human brain. What makes them more astonishing is that each single neuron is connected with around 10,000 others (Wickens,

In the present scenario researchers are very much spotlighted on the neurobiological factors but no apposite consequence has cropped up. The

“Biocycles influence overall physical strength and body temperature, immune system, alertness, and even memory….The bottom line is tat every brain varies