Explain Why Are Three Replicate Titrations

When observed, the water was a blue-green all the way through. This is because the seal was more than likely not tight enough around the test tube, letting oxygen into the tube, which caused the color to change.

Before performing part D of the experiment, why was it necessary to establish a baseline?

Bleach: when combined with BTB this cleaner changed orange, indicating that the cleaner has an acidic ph.

A physical change includes a change in the material without affecting its composition, such as the physical state change. However, a chemical change includes the change in the composition of the substance. The change in color, formation of a gas or a solid product, and the production of energy are the evidences of a chemical reaction, thus, of a chemical change.

In this lab experiment our main focus was to get skillful in using tools such as the metric ruler, balances, thermometer, and graduated cylinder to capture measurements of length, mass, temperature and volume. Additionally, this lab helped us to become more familiar with the uncertainty of measurements, as well as becoming efficient with rounding our measurements to the correct numbers of significant figures. Our results are measured consistently with rounding to the closest answer we could possibly acquire as the data can tell you.

Which of the following conclusions is most valid, given the results of experiment 1? 6-8.2

The experiment is repeated twice and an average is obtained. This ensures the consistency of the measurement as the reading is triplicated, thus reducing anomalies. It can be seen that the reading obtained were around the same value. This proves that the results are reliable.

11. It is then repeated for the solution of unknown concentration (A, B or C).

solutions that are colored, as some solutes might be non-polar and thus product will be lost, it

There were different types of replications discussed in the chapter. Direct replication is the same investigator performing

One way to improve the experiment would be to do the experiment multiple times. This would improve the experiment because it would provide more data to make an accurate conclusion with. This way, you would be basing your results off of multiple experiments, which is much more accurate than just one. Another way to improve the experiment and prevent experimental error would be to wash the test tubes before beginning the experiment. This would prevent possible experiment error because it would help avoid cross contamination.

Were your hypotheses right or wrong? Tell how those hypotheses would have to be modified in another experiment.

For this experiment, titrations on a weak acid, acetic acid, and a buffer were performed. Acetic acid was titrated with NaOH in order to observe the half-equivalence point as well as the equivalence point. Then, the buffer and the buffered acetic acid solution prepared faced additional titration with NaOH and HCl to evaluate the differing buffering effects following the addition of a strong acid and strong base. Finally, the buffer’s buffering capacity was calculated. If the experiment were to be repeated, it would be interesting to observe the buffering effects following a titration between a weak base and a buffer instead with greater concentrations. The change in the concentration following the preparation of buffer with a weak base and its conjugate acid would pose for an interesting experiment to observe an increase in the buffering capacity.

This experiment shall be repeated twice or more to enhance accuracy of the results obtained. Besides detecting systematic errors, this experiment would aid on the technique and understandings to the correct use of these equipments.

The first experiment was Baseline and for that experiment we needed to get three tubes but one of the tubes were already done so the only thing was left is to do test tube two and three and put it together than put it in the spectrophotometer 20. The hypothesis for this experiment