“Why did a rebellion by the Kildare Fitzgeralds occur in 1534, and what were its consequences? “
The rebellion by the Kildare Fitzgeralds occurred in 1534, it is said that was in a fact a turning point in the history of the relationship between both England and Ireland. There were a number of factors that were said to have led to the rebellion, one of which was the tensions between the Gaelic Irish, Old English and the “New English”. At this time, the island was made up of two elements, the Gaelic Irish and Old English.
As the sixteenth century progressed, however the expansion of Ireland of the structure of the English state, the ethos of which was so different from that of the Gaelic and gaelicised communities, promoted friction between Irish and old English.
The main reason for the rebellion was predominantly because Thomas Fitzgerald or also known as “Silken” Thomas believed the rumours spread around the Pale in 1534 concerning his father Gerald Fitzgerald. Gerald was summoned by King Henry VIII to London because he felt Gerald could not enforce the reformation acts, in obedience to the king's orders
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Also the course of events is seen as a point of transition from the medieval days to a more modernistic period of Irish political history. The Fitzgerald rebellion showed Henry VIII the dangers of leaving Ireland with delegates being controlled from London. The demolition of the Kildare earldom and the Fitzgerald clan shows the reform in Ireland at this time and for the forth coming years. As well as this, looking at it from a positive aspect, outside of the Pale the Gaelic Irish were still preserving their own customs, maintaining their social system and keep their own language alive even after the rebellion which in turn would change the stability of Ireland in the years to
The influence of political factors and change cannot be ignored when weighing up the most significant cause of rebellion throughout the Tudor period. Both in England and Ireland, political unrest was common among all of the Tudor Monarchs meaning it was a consistent factor in all rebellions across the era. The main problems came from self-serving greed, with plans to overthrow the Monarchs in order to position someone who would be in their favour or get rid of corrupt advisors in order to attain more political influence.
The Northern rebellion of 1569 was the only potentially threatening rebellion of Elizabeth I’s reign, led by Northern Earls who were discontent with religious reforms and intervention in the North of England. The primary cause of this rebellion, which in this case is the cause that acted as a clear catalyst, will be explored in this essay. The arrival of Mary Queen of Scots, the influence of William Cecil, and the religious concerns of the Northern Earls are all important causes of the Northern Rebellion, however without a doubt in this case it was Mary’s arrival in England that was the primary cause.
The Extent to Which Tudor Rebellions Have Similar Causes Tudor rebellions were caused by one or more of the following factors: dynastic, political, religious, and social and economic. There was an element of both similarity and continuity in the period as most of the rebellions were politically motivated starting with Warbeck’s rebellion in 1491 until the end of the period with Essex’s rebellion in 1601. This displays clear political motives across the period. During the reign of Henry VII, many of the rebellions were dynastically motivated with a series of challenges from pretenders to the throne, Simnel and Warbeck and rebellions due to heavy taxation; Yorkshire and Cornish anti tax riots.
The Irish had suffered long before in the hands of the English when Cromwell had been in control and had taken away land held by the catholic majority of the country to members of the protestant minority. This created a large tension among the population with the oppressed majority and the rather entitled minority who by Trevelyan’s snooty tone did indeed see themselves as the superior people in the country. (Trevelyan’s tone is probably the most dismissive when in discussion of the Irish, mayhaps showing his own true dislike.) (Trevelyan, p. 116-
Tudor governments were relatively successful in dealing with the problem of rebellion, although this was more effective towards the end of the period than at the beginning shown through the decline in rebellion after 1549: only 5 English rebellions occurred as opposed to 10 before 1549. Over the course of the Tudor period the main aims of rebellions were only fully achieved in the rebellions of 1525, the Amicable Grant and 1553. In addition to this the reforms made to local government, policies directly implemented by central government and the effects of trials and retribution, such as Henry VII’s concessions made to the late 15th century pretenders, Lambert
This culminated in the Rebellion of 1798, lead by Wolfe Tone and the Society of United Irishmen, in which Hugh and Jimmy participated: “The road to Sligo. A spring morning. 1798. Going into battle” (445). But, as these characters soon discovered, the rebellion failed resulting in large executions and the passing of the Act of Union in 1800. This piece of legislation, effective from 1 January 1801, brought Ireland under the direct rule of the British Crown.
During this time it is clear that many changes were occurring in Ireland, a land that was once dominated by tradition was now becoming a modernized country. Where then does
Everything that happened in Ireland during nineteenth century has indeed been overshadowed by the catastrophe which overtook the country between 1845 and 1851. The Irish Potato Famine of 1845-1851 was one of the great catastrophes of the nineteenth century and divides modern Irish history. It was a disaster which poisoned Anglo-Irish relations for many generations to come, and had profound effects not only in Ireland itself, but in England and North America as well.
The Irish have done nothing to halt the terrorizing nature of their domineering counterparts. Swift uses this proposal to “the wretched Irish situation” (Lockwood). By “rigorously underplaying the aspect of fantasy in his proposal,” Swift suggests the Irish have arrived at a condition in which such a plan may be seriously considered (Lockwood). Booth describes that every detail of Swift’s proposal “supports the inference that the woes of Ireland make, indeed, a ‘melancholy Object.’” In essence, the “anger against the English is used merely to heighten” Swift’s own dismay over the way Ireland has conducted itself (Booth). Swift craftily causes readers to question more than just how to fix the problems in fraught Ireland.
It was turbulent times for England during the 17th and 18th century. England was in an unquenchable thirst for more power. “During the 17th and 18th century, England was determined to subdue all lesser countries, especially Ireland” (Stevenson, 28). At the time, England was the dominating country, looking to expand their influence across the world. War broke out constantly as the conquest for more land continued. Moreover, war was constant with the three kingdoms, England, Ireland, and Scotland. Revolts in each kingdom also affected the country’s ability to participate in the war. As
Clearly, a large portion of the turmoil experienced during this type could be put down to the changing government of the period. Though democratically elected and in more direct control of the Irish nation, the Home Rule government what the Irish called the Free State in its first years was not as responsive to the people as some desired (Ferriter, n.d.). An effective civil service providing for many needs was set up, but the ruling party and government experienced internal strife over significant differences of opinion throughout this decade (Ferriter, n.d.). The government was a democracy, but a very young democracy, and with all of the problems that this youth entails in a newly freed and democratically empowered nation and population.
This essay will focus on the actions of King Charles I and how his decisions impacted on each of his three kingdoms, England, Scotland and Ireland during the years 1638 – 1642. It will look at the relationships and retrospectively the breakdown of relations within each of these kingdoms. Charles inherited three very different Kingdoms from his father King James I in 1625. Ireland was predominantly Catholic apart from the few Protestants that James had planted on Irish soil. England was Anglican, although many known as puritans felt that the Anglican Church was not protestant enough, possibly due to Charles marriage alliance with the French Princess Henrietta Maria, who was openly Catholic and was allowed to publicly practice her religion.
Irish independence has been fought for a long time ever since the British occupied Ireland in 1172. The King of England invaded and controlled Ireland. The invasion led to religious and territorial conflicts. There was an effort to create a church comparable to the Church of England in the 1500s. Catholics who live in Ireland were against the idea and a conflict for independence has emerged (Arena & Arrigo, 2004). The suppression of Irish nationalism by the British in the 20th century led to the creation of martyrs for the cause led by the Irish Republican Army (Combs, 2011).
The Easter Uprising of 1916 was an event that happened at the tail end of a long list of events that would forever change Ireland. The Uprising or Rising, as some call it, took place mostly in Dublin but was felt throughout Ireland. The point was to gain independence from Great Britain who had ruled Ireland for the past couple hundred years. At the turn of the 19th century England believed that Ireland had too much independence and made the Act of Union. “The result was the Act of Union of 1801: the Irish parliament voted itself out of existence and England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales were formally politically unified for the first time” (Hegarty 2). Around the time of the First World War, Ireland began
On the 14th of September in the year 1607 the Earl of Tyrone Hugh O’Neill and the Earl of Tyrconnel Rory O’Donnell fled Ireland alongside officials, their families and numerous Gaelic chieftains. They left Ireland from Rathmullen in County Donegal. This flee was to become known as the flight of the Earls. They arrived in the Spanish Netherlands and then eventually made their way to Rome. The Flight of the Earls led to the most drastic form of the British government’s policy of plantation in Ireland. The Flight of the Earls has remained as one of the most memorable events in the history of Ireland.