) Explain how natural selction may bring about changes in a population and what conditions may be necessary to bri about speciation

10. Why is it that genetic change can occur more quickly in small groups? Why is it important for the evolution of new species?

11. Define the following: Genetic drift: unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies, reduces genetic variation over time through such losses of alleles

Each gene acts as a code, or set of instructions, for making a particular protein. They tell the cell what to do, give its characteristics, and determine the way its body works. Each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids. This means that the number and order of amino acids is different for each type of protein. The proteins fold into different shapes. The different shapes and sequences give the proteins different functions, e.g. keratin are a fibrous protein found in hair and nails. If the gene has even the slightest of disorder within its sequence it could lead to an inaccurate order of amino acids

This occurs when a species is separated and mate with a different species, changing their genetic composition, if then the two species were to be brought back together and mate again, it would cause what is called ‘gene migration’. This process gives so many different variations among the species, which allows more and more variation and population. This process also explains endangered species and extinction.

Complete the worksheet writing 100- to 200-word short answers for each question. Format your references consistent with APA guidelines.

7. Why are mutations at the beginning of a gene more damaging than at the end? Because nearly the entire sequence would be frame shifted. If the mutation occurs at the end, then it is possible that the small fraction of the gene affected is not

Evolution – a change in the number of times specific genes that codes for specific characteristics occur within an interbreeding population over a period of time.

Natural sources of variation include: mutations, gene flow, and genetic shuffling. Mutations are random changes in DNA that result in beneficial, harmful, or no changes in an organism. Gene flow can also be referred to as migration. It is the exchange of genes of individuals from one population to another. Genetic shuffling occurs in meiosis when alleles switch to create new combinations of genes. The steps of natural selection are overproduction, variation, competition, and selection. Overproduction is important because it keeps the species from becoming extinct and allows for more variation in offspring. Variation is what can either help the organism have a higher chance of surviving or could lower the chance of surviving.

Evolution occurs when natural selection elaborates and diversifies organisms over long periods of time. Natural selection acts on a natural (environmental and non-environmental) variants and drives evolution over time through the development of genetic variants as species adapt to different environments. Minor alterations in genetics can be observed in organisms that are more favorable for their particular environment. This is what is responsible for the evolution of species. Speciation is simply the formation of new and distinct species through the course of evolution driven by natural selection. Thus, biodiversity or the variety of all life on Earth is simply a direct result of evolution. Biodiversity is important to the survival of most ecological communities.

“If no such variations exist, the population rapidly goes extinct because it cannot adapt to a changing environment” (O’Neil, 1998-2013). Scientists call this reproductive success. “Within a specific environment context, one genotype will be better than another genotype in survival or reproduction for certain reasons having to do with the way its particular features relate to the environment or relate to other organisms within the population” (Futuyma, 2000-2014). The theory of evolution is explicable through various kinds of scientific research.

3) If the current population is evolving, what type of effect is responsible for genetic drift?

Natural selection is considered one of the most important processes for a variety of species and the environment which allows the fittest organisms to produce offspring. To prevent a species from extinction, it is necessary for them to adapt to the surrounding environment. The species which have the ability to adapt to new surroundings will be able to pass their genes through reproduction. Within the process of natural selection, it is possible for the original genetic make-up of a species to become altered. The team will report on the different processes of basic mechanisms of evolution, how natural selection results in biodiversity and why biodiversity is important to continued evolution. The sources of genetic

Also, genetic drift can affect genetic variability in a population as well. An example of this would be the “founder effect” and the “bottleneck effect”. The founder effect is when a group of individuals become isolated from a large population, this can cause a change in allele frequencies for the already isolated individuals (Reece, 2014). For example, there are around 300 students in a classroom, if we take only 10 students to mars, they’re going to populate mars, so the entire mars colony will only depend on the alleles that those 10 people have. Another example is if a storm separates a small number of birds in a population and carries them to a separate island. The bottleneck effect is when there is a sudden decline in population size due to the environment conditions (Reece, 2014). An example of this would be if a large population of birds were mostly killed by a hurricane, leaving only a few birds

To begin with, mutations (any change in the DNA sequence of an organism) introduce new genetic information into a population by altering alleles (a form of a gene usually arising through mutation) that are already present. Occasionally, a mutation introduces a new allele into the gene pool of species. On the other hand, a mutation may introduce an allele that was deficient in a local population. Meanwhile, it is present in other populations of species. All the different

Deletion Mutation: is a type of gene mutation wherein the deletion of nucleotides causes a shift in the reading frame of the