A compiler takes as input a source program and produces as output an equivalent sequence of machine instructions. This process is so complex that it is divided into a series of sub-processes called phases. The different phases of the compiler are as follows: Phase 1: Lexical Analyzer or Scanner The first phase of the compiler, called Lexical Analyzer or Scanner reads the source program one character at a time, carving the source program into a sequence of atomic units called tokens. The usual tokens are identifiers, keywords, constants, operators and punctuation symbols such as comma and parenthesis. Each token is a sub-string of the source program that is to be treated as a single unit. The Lexical analyzer examines successive …show more content…
This aspect of code generation, called register allocation, is particularly difficult to do optimally, but some heuristic approaches can give reasonably good results. Designing a code generator that produces truly efficient object programs is one of the most difficult parts of a compiler design. During all these phases of the compiler, they are being interacted upon by the following two important data structures: Table Management or Book-Keeping A compiler needs to collect information about all the data objects that appear in the source program. The information about data objects is collected by the early phases of the compiler – lexical and syntactic analyzers. The data structure used to record this information is called as symbol table. The determination of the type of intermediate results and check to check for, if the type of the arguments is legal for the application of an operation is termed as semantic analysis. It can be done during the syntactic analysis phase, the intermediate code generation phase or in the final code generation phase. Error Handling One of the most important functions of a compiler is the detection and reporting of errors in the source program. The error messages should allow the programmer to determine exactly where the errors have occurred. Errors may occur in all of the phases of a compiler. Whenever a phase of the compiler discovers an error, it must report the error to the dhandler, which
First let us take a look at computer programming. This element takes on different program designs created by engineers and uses one of several different programming languages to write executable code that computers can read. Programming is the source for
P4- Outline the benefits of having a variety of data types available to the programmer
The objective of this lab is to be able to understand how the CPU functions work, as well as understanding machine and assembly language.
is where the compiler polishes and fine-tunes the translation so that it runs a little faster or occupies a little less memory.
was to give efficient and flexible performance making it a versatile language that has found its place in a
address calculation of instructions - this determine the address of the next instruction to be processed.
A Linked List is a type of data structure that can be arranged in memory in a variety of ways. The list is a collection of nodes that contain data and a next link to the next node. It is easy to add and remove data from a linked list because the pointer can be easily modified to accommodate any changes. (CTU MUSE, 2010)
is. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the effectiveness of code shifting through two
The declarations of the variable provide a specified storage that the programs can compute. The variables are declared has particular type which defines the size, length and structure of the variable in the memory and the operations that can be performedon the variable. Before using the variables it must
Each programming language uses a piece of software, called a compiler or an interpreter, to translate your program code into machine language. Machine language is also called binary language, and is represented as a series of 0s and 1s. The compiler or interpreter that translates your code tells you if any programming language component has been used incorrectly. Syntax errors are relatively easy to locate and correct because the compiler or interpreter you use highlights every syntax error. If you write a computer program using a language such as C++ but spell one of its words incorrectly or reverse the proper order of two words, the software lets you know that it found a mistake by displaying an error message as soon as you try to translate the program.
Assembly language uses a mnemonic to represent each low-level machine operation or opcode. Some opcodes require one or more operands as part of the instruction, and most
This are the operation done like OS and assembly to meet the standard to different
The objective of this project is to design a programing language by using basic common qualities from two different programing languages. This presentation should illustrate the features of the various programing languages currently used in the industry and this common capabilities. The constant of this experiment is the comparison and use object oriented programing languages. After analysis create a programing language with the same structures and variables. Further define the classes of the language such as its attributes and characteristics. The language executed basic algorithmic solutions. Therefore when I created controls and data structures also finding means to express algorithms I was able to create a programing language. The variables in this projects were the stored values such as strings and integers. If I was to do this experiment in the future or expand on this experiment I would define and organize my experimental data structures differently.
The image below is a simplified view of a CPU. Define and describe each part and the role it plays in the CPU