Exploratory Laparotomy Research Paper

Gallbladder surgery is usually done in a hospital while you are under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes four cuts in your abdomen that are large enough for inserting the tools necessary for the procedure. A video camera is placed through one incision. This displays a video of your gallbladder on a monitor in the surgery room. Your surgeon performs the gallbladder removal while watching the video screen since he or she can't see inside your body. Your gallbladder is removed through one of the small incisions and then your bile ducts and surrounding areas are checked for infections and other problems before stitching your incisions closed.

The surgeon follows the same procedure as for the laparoscopic surgery, but there is only one large incision made in the lower stomach

| Visual examination of the abdominal cavity after making a small incision near a woman's navel and inserting an illuminated tube is called:

Next I opened the abdominal cavity by making a shallow incision sufficient to cut the abdominal muscles and peritoneum while not cutting any deeper structures. Lifting up I continued to cut the abdominal wall from the dorsum and into the area of the xiphoid cartilage of the sternum and continued to cut the abdominal wall at its dorsal and caudal boundaries down to the inguinal region.

He will close the incisions using stitches, glue or tape (or a combination of the three).

The chest organs, including the heart and lungs, are inspected. After any organ is removed, the pathologist will save a section in preservative solution. The pathologist takes blood from the heart to check for bacteria in the blood. For this, he uses a very large hypodermic needle and syringe. He may also find something else that will need to be sent to the microbiology lab to search for infection. The pathologist will send blood, urine, bile, or even the fluid of the eye for chemical study and to look for medicine, street drugs, alcohols, and/or poisons. After the chest has been examine the abdominal cavity is inspected, the first dissection in the abdomen is usually freeing up the large intestine. Some pathologist do this with a scalpel, while others use scissors. Freeing up the intestines takes some time. The intestines and other organs in the abdominal cavity are taken out an examine for any abnormalities, drugs, poisons, and diseases . Once the chest and the abdominal cavity is examine , the scalp is examine, the skull vault is opened using two saw cuts, one in front and one in back. The top of the skull is removed and the brain is very carefully cut free of its attachments from inside the skull, inspecting the brain often revels surprises. a good pathologist takes some time to do this as well with the other organs.

The surgeon will make a few small incisions in your abdomen to accommodate a laparoscopic camera and the required surgical instruments. An adjustable band is positioned around the upper part of your stomach. The result is a smaller stomach pouch above the band with a narrow passage into the lower part of your stomach. A thin tube connects the band to a delivery port where saline fluid can be inserted or withdrawn when an adjustment is needed. The incisions are sealed shut and there is minimal scarring. The operation takes 30 to 60 minutes for completion.

An upper endoscopy is known as an EGD and it is when a thin scope with a light and a camera at the end of it. This looks at the inside of the upper digestive tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. An EGD can be used to identify several causes such as abdominal or chest pain, nausea and vomiting, heartburn, bleeding, and swallowing problems. It can also help to find inflammation, ulcers, and tumors. The endoscope can also help treat abnormalities such as polyps which are growths of tissue in the stomach and these can be removed and biopsied to find out if they are cancerous. Also obstructions stuck in the esophagus can be removed and bleeding from ulcers, cancer can be treated with the endoscope.

Your blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood oxygen level will be monitored until the medicines you were given have worn

Up to 2 hours before the procedure – you may continue to drink clear liquids, such as:

If you are having a colonoscopy, an IV will be inserted into one of your veins and you will be given medicine to help you relax (sedative).

• You will be re-evaluated in the operating room in the next few days. At this time, further treatments or wound closure will be performed. This may include stitches (sutures) and a procedure to cover an area of damaged or missing skin with a piece of healthy skin (skin

The surgery is split into two parts. In part one the surgeon starts by making a small “pouch” in the stomach. During step one the surgeon will divide the stomach into large sections. The surgeon will make these portions by sewing or stapling it together which will then allow your stomach to only hold about one cup of food. The second part of surgery is the bypass. In part two the surgeon will then disconnect the new stomach pouch from majority of the stomach and first part of the small intestine. The surgeon will then connect it to another part of the small intestine a little further below. The technical term of the procedure is called a Roux-en-Y. The sewing or stapling and Roux-en-Y are usually completed during the

Ask your health care provider what type of anesthesia you will have. This procedure is often done after giving you medication to make you go to sleep (general anesthesia). If you will have general anesthesia, do not eat or drink anything for 6-8 hours before your procedure.

The doctor will also take photographs of the target area, discuss options, and answer any questions you might have about the tummy procedure.