1. Report summary
1.1. Research purpose
This research was aim to discover the beliefs and actions of the trader in the foreign exchange (Forex) market, then adding to our knowledge about the microstructure of the Forex as well as trader’s view on exchange rate determination. Hence, it pointed out the divergence between economists’ and trader’s view.
1.2. Research method
Authors used survey methodology with sample on UK-based foreign exchange dealers to collect analysis data. Specifically, 110 questionnaires were return from 1940 surveys sent out to named dealer whose affiliations were extracted from the 1997 Hambro’s Dealer Directory.
1.3. Research result
a. Forex microstructure
According to the survey’s results, a large proportion of transactions in FX market were related to interbank business. Besides, trades were facilitated via both traditional channel – phone and the recent increasing of electronic channel in the past 2 decades.
b. Exchange rate determination
The research resulted in three difference points of view between academic researchers and traders on which components drive exchange rate movement over different horizons.
First of all, “fundamental is seen as a relevant concept by a large proportion of trader at horizons much shorter than mainstream academic theory can explain” (Cheung, Chinn and Marsh, 2004)
Secondly, short term currency movements seemed to be strongly affected by “speculative force”, in comparison with other determinant such as economic
As the leading financial market in the world, the Foreign Exchange Market consists of several types of financial institutions, such as, investors, such as, central banks, brokers, and investment firms. The Foreign Exchange Market does not have an actual physical location; it is a worldwide system of computers. Currency traders are linked together from all over the world by these computers. Once currency traders enter the network, the computers allow them to exchange currencies by purchasing, selling, or speculating ("Foreign Exchange Markets - Forex - Investopedia Definition | Investopedia," n.d.). In the Foreign Exchange Market, also called Forex Market, trillions of transactions are completed everyday. Within this market are the spot market and forward market. Spot transactions take place in the spot market. A spot transaction occurs when one currency is traded for another currency. These types of transactions are immediate, however it takes two business days for the bank to process this transaction due to different time zones (Standard Bank, n.d.). Forward transactions occur in the forward market and are often called foreign exchange contracts. Unlike spot transactions, forward market transactions are set to occur on a specified future date. The agreement and exchange rate of the transaction is already determined, however, it will be traded at a future date, which is noted in the contract (Standard Bank, n.d.). Many historical
This review of the Tradeonix tool is to look holistically at the workings, its pros, cons and much more. We understand the peculiarity of the Forex market and each product plays a huge role in the movement in the Market. This is why it is important to critically analyze the place of this tool and to take a cursory look at its creator. Many things come to mind when we think of this industry. We imagine the possibilities, the huge investments, the returns, the risks and other related factors. The beginner and the experienced trader must remain open to engaging rich resource if they want the best out of the market.
FX Trading is not centralized on an exchange, as with the stock and futures markets. On the contrary, Forex market is considered an Over the Counter (OTC) or 'Interbank ' market, due to the fact that transactions are conducted between two counterparts over the telephone or via an electronic network.
A recent by BIS reflects the role of HFT in FX marketplaces. The report says that, there is an increasing use of HFT in FX market in the past few years as there is greater infrastructure available for electronic trading.
The foreign exchange market is a worldwide decentralized over-the-counter financial market for the trading of currencies. Financial centers around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers around the clock, with the exception of weekends. The foreign exchange market determines the relative values of different currencies. (wiki.org)
If you ever traveled to a foreign country—preferably outside the tourist traps—and spent money, you probably had to exchange your domestic money for local currency. Regardless of where you made such a trade, such as at a currency exchange kiosk when you landed at the airport, the fact that you successfully transacted two, completely distinct currencies related by an exchange rate means that you were, for the briefest of moments, a participant in the nearly $4-trillion-a-day foreign exchange market, or forex. But it is unlikely that such a gargantuan turnover is the appreciable result of money changing by spendthrift globetrotters. Rather, in today’s globalized economy, any institution, from a small export business to a central bank, is liable to have a hand in the currency—and therefore the purchasing power—of a foreign country. While the foreign exchange market may seem like a complicated world of arcane finance, it is not only possible for you to actively participate in it, but there is a highly-developed infrastructure of individual or retail forex trading ready for your attempts to turn a profit from besting the ever-changing exchange rate between currencies. While a professional comprehension of forex trading entails far more practical and conceptual knowledge than this process paper can capture, good preparation and a methodical understanding of the fundamentals of forex practices can help you develop the basic skills to get started in retail forex trading.
At this point we should clarify that the exchange rates are influenced by the combination of the reasons mentioned above. Nevertheless, we will try to break them down and examine them individually.
Three different kinds of researches and an analysis based on the same is undertaken. The first analysis includes two cases showing price determination and a decision regarding acceptance or rejection of the procurement price level based on sale margin. The second research is based on a questionnaire which shows an inference for each answer. The third research is based on a comparison and contrast of trade policies between MMTC Ltd. and State Trading Corporation which is into similar line of business. The major findings of the researches include the facts that the exchange risk in purchase as well as sale transactions in MMTC is very high due to currency fluctuations and Nearly 70% exposure in case of imports and 50% exposure in exports are hedged by so that benefits of positive fluctuations can also be
Major players in Forex market include inter-world investment and commercial banks, money portfolio managers, money brokers, large corporations, and retail traders. Earlier, currency movement has been determined by supply and demand force, but now its having a new face such as for risk management purpose
There are four categories that exchange rate can be forecasted in long-term followed by technical, fundamental, market-based, and mixed. Technical forecasting involves the use of historical exchange rate data to predict future values. Then, fundamental forecasting is based on fundamental relationships between exchange rates and economic variables. On this category, exchange rate is influenced by change in inflation rate, interest rate, income level, government controls, and expectations of future exchange rates between two countries, United States and Europe. These factors will be discussed in details later on this paper. Next forecasting category is market-based which the process of developing forecasts from market indicators, such as the spot rate and the forward rate. The spot rate is basically today’s spot rate that may use in forecasting. A forward rate is quoted for a specific date in the future to forecast a spot rate on that future date. Lastly, mixed forecasting is a combination of forecasting techniques that is preferred to use in the market.
Exchange rate measures the value of one country’s currency through another country’s currency, so it acts a significant role in international trade, by which I mean a wide range term, not only infers import and export trade, but also includes offshore financial transaction and futures trading, even transactions in foreign travel. Therefore, exchange rate policy is an important part of a country’s policy, affecting both domestic economy and foreign relation.
2018 is upon us, which means that for many investors the forex market is going to present round after round of fresh trading opportunities. As with every turn of the year, things in 2018 will start slow in the coming days, but given the level of volatility and controversy during 2017, it shouldn’t take long for things to heat up. Helping you get a firm grasp on what’s potentially ahead over the next 12 months, the following is a currency-by-currency break down of what’s likely to shape the forex market in 2018.
Introduction: The remote trade showcase (forex, FX, or coin market) is a worldwide decentralized market for the exchanging of monetary forms. This incorporates all parts of purchasing, offering and trading monetary forms at present or decided costs. As far as volume of exchanging, it is by a long shot the biggest market in the world.
There are a lot of regulatory loopholes in traditional dealings over the phone. In the past, currency manipulation and fixes of interbank lending rates have raised concern among finance regulators and pushed them towards Forex automation.
Any time someone travels to a foreign country, chances are they needed to exchange their money, and in doing so, participated in ForEx trading. For many first time traders the Foreign Exchange market can seem very confusing. ForEx is short for Foreign Exchange, it is the market in which people can exchange currencies from all over the world (Peters, J. 2012). When someone trades on the foreign exchange market, they are buying once currency and selling another. Buying and selling occurs at the same time in the ForEx market, which is why currencies are always quoted in pairs (Peters, J. 2012). Various factors such as economics and geopolitics cause exchange rates to fluctuate, so currencies rise and fall against each