2. Differences between leadership and management
2.1 Managers maintain things and leaders change things
Studies on the subjects of leadership and management have the underlying difference between a leader and a manager as “managers maintain things and leaders change things.” Gill (2006:26) explains their difference as “Managers plan, allocate resources, administer and control whereas leaders innovate, communicate and motivate”
Weathersby (Management Review Vol 88:3) summarises the contrast between leadership and management as:
Management is the allocation of scarce resources against an organization 's objective, the setting of priorities, the design of work and the achievement of results. Most important, it 's about controlling.
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In the paradigm of management, empowerment is viewed as losing authority and control over people and resources. Generally, people resent being driven, controlled and being seen as part of company equipment. This breeds apathy in employees towards the organisation’s intents in the market place and destroys accountability.
2.8 Leaders focus on people, Managers focus on systems and structures.
An effective leader focuses on people and therefore empathises with them. Empathy is the tool of emotional intelligence which successful leaders apply. When individuals realise that their feelings and concerns are being acknowledged they develop a sense of trust which fosters a strong relationship based on loyalty to the leader - that way people’s hearts are worn to the cause of the leader. Thus, shared values are identified that sustain the quest of vision and purpose as Gill (2006:82) alludes to. He further mentions that all visioning, strategic thinking and goal setting without effective emotional intelligence are impotent.
In comparison, management focuses on systems and structures and is distant from the thoughts and emotions of individuals. It applies coercion in its endeavour to achieve results. The law of force has it that where there is force there is a reciprocating resistance. Therefore, managers do not attain the required attitudes and behaviours in personnel that are in line with the goals of the organisation.
Empowerment is a process that increases organizational power by including team working, sharing and solidarity. This relationship is based on trust which is considered as an output of empowerment. Empowerment deals with employees’ cognitive growth which enables them to control their fundamental behaviour towards their work environment. Implementation of empowerment is a holistic reorganization of the way a business thinks and does things (Page,
Empowerment - a management technique that involves giving lower-level employees more authority and responsibility over the way they perform their work activities; is believed to increase efficiency and effectiveness; often, companies find that empowering employees can lead to many kinds of performance gains that they use their reward system to
In many ways, empowerment embodies principles effective managers and leaders have practiced for years. Two new driving forces in business, increased diversity and high-speed change, magnify the need for empowerment. Empowering people is now indispensable for effective personal productivity and maximum team success.
Management is the process of organizing resources and directing activities for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives.
Employee empowerment can be described as giving employees' accountability and ability to make choices about their work without managerial authorization. Good managers are expected to
Management may be defined as the process of using organization resources to achieve the organization goals by planning, organizing, controlling and leading.
The concept of employee empowerment has been discussed a lot in many academic studies and in the field of management profession for over decades. In fact, some organizations consider the idea of empowerment as the optimum strategy in order to have the competitive benefits in the world of professional business practices (Ghosh, 2013).
Management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling human and other resources in order to meet an organizations goal.
The general findings for this study were that most employees did not understand the term empowerment as it applies to their job. From the reading it appeared many of the employees assumed it had something to do with power at work, possibly meaning a supervisorial role. However most questioned could identify with
Management is the process of ensuring that an organization or company is able to operate in both the immediate and near future.
In the words of Weihrich and Koontz (1993: 4) management can be defined as a process in which the organizational goals can be achieved through designing an environment where individuals works together in groups efficiently. The word Management is being derived from the Latin term which is used for “handling or controlling a horse”, which later extended from controlling a horse to controlling a weapon, boats, people (Hendry, 2013, p.1).
Management can be defined as the art or act of doing things or activities through the efforts of other people to accomplish desired goals. It deals with the organising and coordination of people, activities, materials, machines and money.
Empowerment in an organization Empowerments is the process of enabling or authorizing an individual to think, behave, take action, and control work and decision making in autonomous ways. It is the state of feeling self-empowered to take control of one's own destiny. In an organization, empowerment is the redistribution of power and decision making responsibilities, usually to employees, where such authority was previously a management prerogative. Empowerment is based on the recognition that employee abilities are frequently underused, and that, given the chance, most employees can contribute more. Empowered workplaces are characterized by managers who focus on energizing, supporting, and coaching their staff in a blame-free environment
Management is a term that was derived from the French word menager, meaning “to use carefully,” and the Italian word maneggiare, meaning “to handle,” and was originally applied to horse training. Contemporary management is an ongoing process by which managers create, direct and maintain organizations through coordinated human effort to ensure that their organization’s resources are used appropriately to attain the highest level of performance and productivity. It is the fundamental integrating process designed to achieve organized, purposeful and meaningful results. Management is working with and through individuals or groups to accomplish organizational goals (Book, #). In recent years, management has evolved from the manager being the sole governance of the organization to a more team-oriented approach (Book, #). An understanding of management can help ensure continuity, promote good human relations and contribute to increased performance.
Employee empowerment can be described as giving employees ' accountability and ability to make choices about their work without managerial authorization. Good managers are expected to