“Explosive weapons have a high capacity to damage the social and economic infrastructure upon which civilian populations rely. The destruction of housing, power supplies, water and sanitation systems, health facilities, schools, markets, roads and transport links, and energy infrastructure present direct humanitarian problems, deplete local and national capacity for production and growth, and necessitate high levels of reconstruction expenditure, diverting scarce resources from investments necessary to achieving developmental targets such as the Millennium Development Goals. Explosive weapons may be used to impair the functioning of such infrastructure in an effort to undermine social and community level interactions and challenge the …show more content…
The blasts from IEDS and attacks creates intense trauma. The trauma caused is not only physical but also psychological with causalities having types of nervous disorders labeled “Shell-Shock”.
Trauma Care Management not only deals with the treatment of causalities but starts from transporting the injured people from the site of attack to hospital, Pre-hospitalization analysis and determining the nature of injury to classify on the basis of priority and proceeding cases as per the analysis.
Trauma Care also involves setting up communication centers to aid families about the information and details of their near and dear ones who were injured or were present in the area during the blasts. Victim Assistance is required post the treatment of physical injuries as the Long term psychological effects are prominent.
Counter Measures to tackle IED
Attack the network
Counter measures to tackles IED and explosion starts from attacking the networks based on information and strong intelligence operation. This resolves issue even before it is originated.
Defeat the device
Great effort needs to be put into detecting devices. Methods include hand-held detectors, sniffer dogs and sophisticated searching techniques and equipment.
Train the force
Training of force involves not only the task teams associated with detection and disposal of IED and Suicide Bombs but also the rescue forces who acts during an event of bomb
For our purposes, we will use the Title 22 of the US Code, Section 2656f(d), to define terrorism. It defines terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents” (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). Examples of terrorism persist on a near daily basis around the world. Unstable countries, such as Afghanistan and Syria, deal with terrorist attacks on a constant basis. The common thread of these attacks is deliberate targeting of civilian populations in order to achieve political objectives. The best known and largest example are
Lack of authority and diffidence is a major theme in the novel, “The Bomb” by Theodore Taylor. In this essay, I will write about this struggle that several of the main characters are confronted with throughout the story. One of the main characters in particular, Abram Makaoliej, is a strong activist against meekness and self-doubt. He encourages the rest of the village people of Bikini to stand for what they believe in, and he even delivers a message to me to never give up.
“I have never seen anything like this in my life,” said Istar Mohamed, a mother of three who was penetrated with shrapnel in her arm hip and leg.” “You can’t imagine the devastation that happened there. After a few moments I fell unconscious from the impact of it all.”
In the aftermath of a terrorist attack, local law enforcement is often the first responders on the scene. First responders have the most dangerous job of all since they can not always be sure that the threat is over when they enter a scene. These law enforcement officers, as first responders, have the responsibility of coordinating emergency services within the area and restoring the site. They do this by establishing an emergency command center in which they coordinate their efforts with local emergency personal such as paramedics and firefighters. They are responsible for anything that happens at the scene, including damage, until they have secured the scene (Maras, 2013).
The response to a terrorist attack is very different from that of a typical natural disaster. Unlike a natural disaster that just happens, a terrorist attack is caused by a person or particular group; therefore, the scene is viewed as a crime scene and treated as such. Medical responders must answer to police authorities and follow their protocols in assisting victims
Homemade explosives are the arsenals of choice by the terrorists not just around the world but also in their own backyards as seen in the recent war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Thanks to the hard work of our Department of Defense, many of our soldiers are surviving these blasts due to improvements made to their uniforms and armor. Even though, we have been able to quickly identify and treat their visible injuries; we tend to overlook the more traumatic brain injuries and disorder these soldiers face when they return home to their families. However, the U.S. department of Defense and Veterans Health Administration have raised the awareness of promptly identifying the disabling symptoms of these injuries that may negatively affect the quality of life of our brothers and sisters that sacrifice their lives for our freedom. PTSD is a complicated disorder that affects veterans in general. The department of Veterans Affairs is devoted to provide the best care for our veterans that are diagnosed with this terrible disorder.
The ways and reasons land mines are used has changed dramatically since WW1. What was once considered to be cutting edge defensive technology has turned into an offensive tactical device and extremist’s tool to wreak havoc on an enemy or marginalized population. Connecting the history of landmines to the conflicts we have discussed in this class will take several steps. The first part of this paper will discuss the history of landmines, how they are detonated, and the different types of landmines. The next section looks at the ways landmines are used defensively in war time, and as an offensive weapon in past wars and by current day extremists. The third section examines examples of the devastation that
During an emergency, large quantities of multifaceted information should be gathered, examined, interpreted and handled to control incident factors. Information is required for accurate determination of patient numbers and distribution, the range of illness and injuries, recommendation for treatment and evaluation, and post-impact conditions of the medical assets and public health.
Once physical wounds were discounted, emotional and mental disorders were responsible for one-third of injury and illness (Bourke). Corporal Henry Gregory who served with the one nineteen machine gun company says, “As soon as the first shell came over, shell shock went nearly mad...it took eight men to hold him down...it is heart breaking.” Most casualties were from larger caliber artillery. These shells caused concussion, which is where the term “shell shock” is derived (Bentley). Shell shock is psychological disturbance caused by prolonged exposure to active warfare. Brutalities from the shells resulted in over eighty thousand psychologically wounded (Bourke). Unfortunately, all that was learned before World War I about psychological and emotional injuries had been forgotten. This became a massive crisis. Arthur Hubbard suffered this psychological trauma and records he was unable to sleep or eat. He continually had nightmares with a bayonet in his face. In the winter of 1914 British doctors were struggling (Jones). Doctors and nurses did not obtain adequate
In responding to a suicide bomber, members are reminded to keep paramount the safety of the public safety responders and by-standers, that may be impacted by the threat. Members must realize that deadly force may have to be deployed immediately to prevent the bomber from detonating an explosive device. Members responding to the scene will notify communications of their location and request immediate dispatch of supervisor and a bomb technician. Seek appropriate cover and be aware of blast concussion from rebound and shrapnel effects. Responding officers shall keep a minimum safety distance of 680 feet in all direction. Do not get close to the bomber, if the suspected bomber is unable to reach its target, he may detonate to avoid arrest, and in the process, kill many law enforcement officers. Even if the bomber wants to surrender, is wounded or dead, maintain the safety distance, since he may be carrying a secondary command detonated devices. At no point will a member approach the suspect until a bomb technician has examined the suspect and rendered any located material safe. Just like responding to a bomb threat, Command will be established. Command post should determine the resources needed, including the assistance of other
Any patient that has experienced traumatic physical injury may be seen by a trauma specialist. Upon arrival to the emergency room, patients are quickly assessed to identify the extent of the injuries and which are the most threatening to function and life. Resuscitation and stabilization are key priorities prior to surgical operations if urgent surgery is not necessary to save the patient’s life. This is then followed by definitive surgical
My initial reaction after reading the case study was how impressed I was. Even though the responders expressed their inexperience with handling a real life mass casualty event, they were able to plan and conduct their triage smoothly. They were able to quickly set up a designated area for the minimal and no injuries individuals to stay while they assessed the more serious individuals. After reading the chapter, I noticed some areas of improvement that could have occurred during the response phase of the incident. There were some personnel resources that were not being utilized correctly in triage efforts. For instance, half went to the minimal and no injuries area to triage while the other half went to triage the more serious individuals.
Usually, trauma department will be divided into three to five designated levels depending on the hospital’s regulations. In this case, I will briefly explain the three basic level of trauma center. The first level is level 1 trauma case which is total care for all aspects of injuries from prevention to rehabilitation. They have complete access to transfer facilities such as the units of helicopter rescue that enable the most extreme injured patient to the department in a short time. In this level, it is filled with staffs such as surgeons, physicians and support personnel. For level 2 of trauma department, an emergency department (ED) physicians, trained nurses and radiology staffs will be on 24-hour duty. They are responsible in initiating
The Assessment Crisis Intervention Trauma Treatment (ACT) model was developed by Albert Roberts after the September 11th terrorist attacks. The way it works is mental health professionals, will follow a series of seven steps when responding to a crisis. The most notable include: assess the danger, establish psychological conduct, identify major problems, encourage the exploration of feelings, examine alternative strategies, implementing the plan and following up. The combination of these factors is designed to provide everyone with tools to effectively address the crisis. (Roberts, 2005)
The late 18th and the early 19th century saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution. The transcontinental railroad across the USA was being built; in Australia and California, gold-rushes were driving people crazy trying to get rich; in Seuz, a great canal was being dug through the earth; and in England, London’s famous Underground Railroad system was being built. For these engineering projects to be made possible—for all the blasting, tunneling, trenching, mining, and excavation to be made possible—we needed explosives.