Exposure Of Airborne Particulate Matter From Vehicular Exhaust Results Within Progression Of Brain Injury Following Experimental Stroke

Hooton, T., Bradley, S., Cardenas, D., Colgan, R., Geerlings, S., Rice, J., Nicolle, L. (2010).

Breiding, Matthew J., Sharon G. Smith, Kathleen C. Basile, Mikel L. Walters, Jieru Chen, and

(Cohen, 1990; Spillane et al., 2002; Spillane, Reiser & Reimer, 2006; Cohen, Moffit & Goldin,

Smith, R. J., Kilaru, A. S., Perrone, J., Paciotti, B., Barg, F. K., Gadsden, S. M., & Meisel, Z. F.

Melillo, K. D., Abdallah, L. M., Blanks, C., Campbell, I., & Herndon, L. (2012). Faculty

Eldridge, J., Palmer, T., Gillis, K., Lloyd, R., Squires, Jr., W., & Murray, T. (2014).

of the common carotid arteries of rats (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) has been developed. The rat is a suitable rodent species for this purpose because the complete circle of Willis affords incessant (but reduced) blood flow after the onset of 2VO. per a technical point of view, the 2VO model can be regarded as a standard model to study stroke in rats as In the rat 2VO model, the surgical methods, the permanent nature of the ligation of the common carotid arteries, the lack of exacerbating factors (hypotension or hypoxia), and the experimental animal species (the rat) are standard

Male AP+ Tg Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 350-450 g will be used in this study. There will be a total of 40 rats which will be divided into four groups with ten in each group. Adult DRG from C1 to L1 will be dissected from rats ≥ 8 weeks of age using standard techniques.

van Krieken, R., Habibis, D., Smith, P., Hutchins, B., Martin, G. & Maton, K. (2006).

Air pollution can contribute to a number of different types of diseases. “Poor air quality puts the most vulnerable among us, like children and seniors, at risk for asthma, strokes, and other illnesses” (Texas Clean Air Project, 2017). It is not realized how much air pollution can affect a person. People that already have health issues are more at risk than a healthier person. “The strongest evidence so far relates to a possible contribution of air pollution to the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease” (Costa, 2017). Alzheimer’s disease affects a person’s brain as they lose their memory. This diseases is one that takes a person’s life away as they cannot remember sometimes even who they are.

(1989b) indicates that the originally-selected high dose level of 0.3 mg/kg-d was initiated and because “no observable effects were apparent after 10 weeks of exposure”, this dose was increased to 0.4 mg/kg throughout the remainder of the study. The mating period covered as long as two weeks. Because it is specified that both male and female rats were dosed before and during mating as well as through gestation, because the manuscript indicates that male and female rats were dosed 5 days per week prior to gestation, and that pregnant dams were dosed 7 days per week during gestation, it is assumed that male rats were dosed 5 days per week during gestation, as during the mating and pre-mating period. The range of durations in based on the unspecified duration of the mating period, indicated as one or two weeks. The duration of exposure for F0 male rats is 17 or 18 weeks (13 weeks premating, one or two weeks mating, three weeks’ gestation), administered 5 days

Manuela Martins-Green, Neema Adhami, Michael Frankos, Mathew Valdez, Benjamin Goodwin, Julia Lyubovitsky, Sandeep Dhall, Monika Garcia, Ivie Egiebor , Bethanne Martinez, Harry W. Green, Christopher Havel, Lisa Yu, Sandy Liles, Georg Matt, Hugo Destaillats, Mohammed Sleiman, Laura A. Gundel, Neal Benowitz, Peyton Jacob III, Melbourne Hovell, Jonathan P. Winickoff, Margarita Curras-Collazo

54 adult male and female Wistar rats (123.4 ± 3.9 gr) were used in this study. The protocol of experiment was approved by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee.

Farrell, R. M., Metcalfe, J. S., McGowan, M. L., Weise, K. L., Agatisa, P. K., & Berg, J.

To conduct this experiment, we must obtain three licences, an establishment license (PEL), a personal license (PIL) and a project license (PPL), ensuring that our research meets the ethical guidelines that are legally required. The University of Leicester already holds an establishment license therefore this application need not be sent. A personal license must be obtained by each scientist involved in the research as it shows that they are fully trained and qualified to conduct the procedures on mice. Finally, a project license must be obtained which requires the completion of 5 modules set by the home office. These modules include training on animal handling, anaesthesia, and other aspects of animal welfare. Once all three licenses are obtained, our research plan must be reviewed by the local Animal Welfare Ethical Review body (AWERB)