Exposure Therapy

The symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder vary. They can include an increased level of anxiety, which can result in difficulty sleeping, concentrating, and an exaggerated response to noise. PTSD can affect a woman who has experienced sexual assault ability to remember past events, in particular events associated with her assault. (2) PTSD can cause feelings of detachment and numbness, as well as a desire to avoid anything that the victim might associate with her assault. While doctors have been able to identify the symptoms in many victims of sexual assault the exact cause of the disorder is still questioned. Is the disorder the body's response to trauma? If so what relationship exists between the symptoms associated with PTSD as trauma? A strong correlation has been found between sufferers of PTSD and poor health. (3) PTSD can lead to depression and sickness. PTSD if not treated can also indirectly cause accidents that can affect a victim's health. These accidents can be the result high levels of anxiety, of a lack of ability to focus, and a lack of ability to respond.

It is a beautiful, sunny day in Miami, Florida. The birds are chirping, and the fresh ocean breeze is rustling the leaves. Steve Weston is trying to make the most out of this hot, summer day. He spots a moving truck outside his window. A young girl with dark hair and bright yellow glasses and what appears to be her father get out of the truck and go into the house next door. Steve was not expecting new neighbors so soon. All of the sudden, Steve hears loud banging noises, one after the other after the other. To others that is the sound of a nail gun going off, but to him that is the sound of the bullets firing from an M240 machine gun. He is transported to the battlefield where he lost his best friend and wife, Caroline Jones. After Steve came

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effectiveness of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) in treating rape victims suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a mental disorder that affects individuals emotionally, behaviorally, and psychologically. PTSD estimated to affect about 7% of Americans in a lifetime. The content of this paper is to analyze the history of CPT and how when used appropriately, it decreases PTSD symptoms. Additionally, this paper will include evidence in research using CPT amongst individuals with PTSD. In conclusion, this paper provides a mock initial

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized as a psychological condition in which a person has persistent mental and emotional distress after experiencing a traumatic event. In the United States alone, there is an 8.7% projected lifetime risk for developing PTSD by the age of seventy-five years old. Furthermore, rates of PTSD are commonly higher amongst people whose occupation increases their risk of traumatic exposure. Examples of occupations that increase the risk of traumatic exposure include law enforcement, military personnel, and firefighters. But it is important to note that the highest rates of PTSD are found among survivors of rape and captivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is sometimes considered to be a relatively new diagnosis, as it first appeared in 1980, the concept of the disorder has a long history. That has often been linked to the history of war, but the disorder has also been frequently described in natural disasters, mass catastrophes, and serious accidental injuries. The diagnosis first appeared in terminology when Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-I was published in 1952 under the name “Gross stress reaction”. It was misplaced, however, in the next edition in 1968, after a long period of next peace. When DSM-III was developed in the mid-1980s the recent

Victims of sexual abuse suffer from an array of issues, both physical and emotional. The most notable disorders are Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorder, and depression.

There are many psychological disorders that exist around the world, as well as countless procedures used to treat these illnesses. In several treatments, doctors employ behavioral techniques in an effort to reduce the effects of the disorder. For example, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is now being treated through the application of exposure therapy. Exposure therapy is a behavioral technique where individuals are exposed to their without the possibility of a bad outcome. By doing so, a therapist can manage the retraumatization brought on by the disorder and the patient can begin to feel relieved and/or validated.

“Approximately twice as many females as males are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder” (Christiansen, 2015, Pg. 7). One of the main reasons this is presumed is the higher percentage of rape amongst women. Women who had been raped and that also participated in a study about PTSD hosted in Sweden have shown definitive

Existing controlled examinations of intervention efficacy specific to only sexual assault and rape are presently minimal in comparison to intervention examinations of combination or other types of trauma (Regehr, Alaggia, Dennis, Pitts, & Saini, 2013). Psychotherapeutic interventions that fail to differentiate sexual assault and rape victims from other types of trauma victims may decrease the treatment effectiveness or inadvertently harm participants in this subgroup. Trauma associated from rape or sexual assault differ from other forms of trauma; treatment efficacy should be examined once this matter has been taken into consideration. Specifically, trauma associated from rape or sexual assault entail symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, suicidal ideations and sexual dysfunction. Individuals may also indicate feelings of vulnerability, loss of control, fear, shame, self-blame, societal blame and stigma (Russell & Davis, 2007; Regehr et al., 2013; Ullman & Peter-Hagene, 2014). This research proposal intends to explore the long term effectiveness of Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE) at reducing distress and trauma explicitly for adult victims of sexual assault and rape.

The article "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Rape Survivors" from the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress reviews what PTSD is defined as, the criteria, the cause, and the recovery. To put it simply, PTSD is a common human reaction to an an extremely stressful situation. PTSD affects hundreds of thousands of people who have had traumatic experiences such as rape, domestic violence, child abuse, war, accidents, and natural disasters. It is normal to be affected by trauma. There is help, and it is ok to ask for help. Symptoms may come shortly after the event or even 50 years later. Symptoms of PTSD are intense fear and hopelessness, flashbacks of the event, nightmares, denial, feeling of numbness, depression, isolation…and many

Treating the many mental health disorders caused by childhood abuse-related trauma has proved to be challenging. Long established therapies, such as trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies (TF-CBT) has been the typical choice of treatment for most clinicians (Raabe, Ehring, Marquenie, Olff, & Kindt, 2015). TF-CBT is based on the theory that memories linked to traumatic events create negative emotions that later on affect how the individual thinks about the traumatic event and can eventually lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Usually, the treatment for this mental health disorder features flooding, also known as a prolonged exposure (PE) method. This method involves having the patient face the negative emotions of the

Modern treatments for rape trauma syndrome include cognitive, behavioral, and exposure components. The specific protocols of cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure have both been demonstrated to be effective in treating posttraumatic stress disorder and common comorbid disorders, like depression, anxiety, guilt, and anger (Resick, Williams, Suvak, Monson, & Gradus, 2012, p. 202). Existential therapy, person-centered counseling, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing are underlying philosophies and techniques investigated. It can prove difficult to find empirically-supported treatments because the research is often not explicitly experimental, and there is a limitation to sampling. Examining different types of standard treatments used with female survivors of rape is necessary to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of

Those effects may include depression, suicide, being angry, isolation, flashbacks, PTSD, and STDs. Most people refer PTSD towards the military, but it can appeal for survivors of all types of nightmares, including sexual abuse. A research done in Canada within the Department of Justice. There were many participants who agreed to report their assault, and one young man spoke about his long lasting, and extremely urgent impact of the sexual assault, “I suffer from PTSD...I always felt I was to blame” (McDonald 13). Uncharacteristic feelings that occur within sexual abuse survivors can be stress, the feeling of fear, extreme nervousness and anxiety, these feelings are completely normal. These feelings that occur in survivors are extreme, it can make someone fear they are in danger and always makes them look twice over their shoulder. “These symptoms can intrude into your daily life and prevent you from working, maintaining relationships, or completing everyday tasks” (Safe Horizon). It is exceptionally unfathomable for the survivors to operate in their everyday

Theories of counseling are basic tools used in the therapy process. An interesting component of these tools is the person-centered therapy. The person-centered theory was founded by Carl Rogers on the belief there is good in all human beings. Rogers 's person-centered therapy is among the most influential and widely employed techniques in modern U.S. clinical psychology (Grant, 2015). Rogers believed with caring nurturing care the client could work out their issues. Additionally person-centered theory maintains the idea that the iniquities that the client is experiencing is from their own surroundings. This therapy considers it necessary for the client to be in a conflicting state for this type of therapy.

Addressing the effects of sexual trauma associated with Sandra in this case study, can be better conceptualized based on her history of sexual trauma, and lack of appropriate treatment interventions at her given age. Similarly, results of negative support and disappointment acquired from her mother furthered enhanced her trauma (Putman, 2009). According to research findings explore several outcomes of children expose to sexual assault can develop PTSD after severe trauma, particularly child sexual victimization (Putman,2009). Moreover, other effects of sexual trauma in children have shown to be manifested in adults that engage in risky behaviors with multiple sex partners, drug or alcohol abuse used as coping mechanisms and depression.