Exposure and Behavoiral Therapies

When considering the significance and use of Cognitive Behavior Therapy within therapeutic practice (as with any other modality used) it is necessary to consider the impact/context within todays multi-cultural society. Awareness of Multiculturalism provides a fourth dimension to the three traditional helping orientations psychodynamic, existential-humanistic and cognitive. All learning occurs and identities are formed within a persons cultural context. Cultural identity is dynamic and ever changing in todays society. Understanding the cultural and

Some of the issues a therapist can confront when using Behavioral Therapy (BT) are the emphasis in the expression of emotions structure of the therapy based on behavior, and the direct approach in treatment”, (Murdock, 2013, p.269), which is well tolerated by the Feminist Movement (in part), Asian origin populator, African Americans, American Indian and Alaskan Natives, but not for other groups. However, any of those populations present challenges in therapy. For example, the homework represents a problem for Asians, the collaboration in treatment depends on the reliability of the counselor for African Americans, who like the problem focused approach, but they expect formalism and respect for hierarchy, as well as the Latin-American group. American Indians and Alaskan Natives are present-oriented, but they dislike the goal future oriented of the

As a result, the usefulness of any therapy depends on the client, the therapist, and the nature of their relationship. In behavioral therapy based on operational unconditional or operant conditioning, it’s important for both the client and the therapist to reach a clear understanding about positive and negative behaviors and their rewards or consequences. Behavioral therapy seeks to change the behaviors associated with psychological problems using exposure treatments, such as systematic desensitization, implosion therapy, and flooding. What makes psychotherapy an effective treatment? 1) Support, is the success, regarding to a number of identifiable factors. The identifiable factors, are about people struggling with depression and self-doubt. (Psychotherapy may provide a welcome dose of acceptance, empathy, and encouragement). Many therapists, think carefully by providing support. The therapists first and foremost decision is before and when to tackle a task, of clients. 2). In Hope, to develop a communicable, visual sight, the light, towards at the end of the tunnel. The expectation, things will get better. 3) A New perspective, therapists will give their clients the opportunities and ability to recognize alternative solution(s) of the situation, circumstance at hand. 4). Motivation, (Therapists sometimes explain a client’s lack of response to treatment by saying that the client was not “ready to do the work.”), The patient, as a client must and willing get motivated. For the reasons, willing to put efforts and time, as measures require. Therapy, isn’t a passive process, it does get better. My closest friend, Kristy Rudolph. owns phobia’s and has a panic disorder, called. Agoraphobia, a very intense fear(s) of herself, being in a situation, being in a circumstance(s), from which, she won’t be capable, as able to escape. She, developed these fears, will occur, any given moment, fears of it happening, to

Behavioural therapy looks at the way people act and respond when they are distressed or under pressure. It helps to modify unhelpful behaviours such as avoidance, which may exacerbate the problems or the way the client feels. This usually means gradually facing up to feared and avoided situations e.g. Demi’s self-harm and bulimia. As a consequence, new behaviours to deal with problems and situations are learned.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is ubiquitous and a proven approach to treatment for a host of diverse psychological difficulties (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). There are copious of acceptable created experiments that show to be highly useful in treating anxiety disorders through GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder approach (Fawn & Spiegler, 2008). The purpose of this assignment is to expound on the client’s demography and demonstrating concern. The first procedure in this assignment will consist of the required informed consent and the client background information. Thus, a succinct discretion of the theoretical framework of CBT will describe the theoretic framework of CBT therapy expended in this assignment (Wedding & Corsini, 2014; Fawn & Spiegler, 2008). The next steps will adherent on how information regarding the clients past and present is problematic amalgamated to form an evaluation and to construct the client’s treatment. In the midst of assessment or the evaluation process and schema is implemented to create the sessions, examination, and provide feedback throughout each session.

In the case of Conrad Jarrett I would envision utilizing two frontline treatment options in order to reduce the client’s symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Bryant (2008) designed a treatment protocol that combines the use of cognitive restructuring and exposure therapy. Utilizing both of these therapies within structured individual sessions would allow a reduction in negative cognitions (e.g., feelings of guilt and shame) should these feelings intensify during exposure. My concern stems from the patient’s previous attempt at suicide and my desire to provide Conrad with some tools to combat his negative thoughts increasing the likelihood that he will remain unharmed and in therapy through the duration of treatment.

Developed by Edna Foa, prolonged exposure therapy exposes patients to their traumatic event over and over again while being in a safe place (Blankenship 277). Although prolonged exposure therapy is one treatment it has four main elements including education, breathing retraining, in vivo exposure, and imaginal exposure. Education consists of learning about the treatment, treatment symptoms, and goals of the treatment. Breathing retraining helps patients to relax and calm themselves when they become anxious. In vivo exposure allows patients with PTSD to be put in real-life situations that they are not comfortable with due to the trauma they have faced. Lastly, imaginal exposure allows the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder to talk through their traumatic event while it is recorded. After repeatedly talking through their event, the patient then listens to what they have said (Swan 28). Prolonged exposure therapy occurs over eight to fifteen sessions. Each session can range from 60 to 90 minutes depending on the patient and their specific needs (Blankenship 278). This treatment helps patients with post-traumatic stress disorder by allowing them to face their fears associated with the traumatic event and gain control over their emotions (Swan 28). Prolonged exposure therapy is proven to be a very effective therapy and is highly supported for the use of treating PTSD (Blankenship

According to Tuerk, Yoder, Ruggiero, Gros & Acierno (2010), prolonged exposure therapy is a form of therapy treatment applied in posttraumatic stress disorders. Prolonged exposure treatment based on behavioral and cognitive levels of therapy, is a method used in treatment of trauma where the victim remembers the triggers of trauma rather than letting go, as it has been the case. Trained Social workers, psychologists and psychiatrist offer treatment to these conditions. What causes post traumatic stress disorders is not clearly known, but a mix of one's personality, inherited mental functionality risks, the way the brain releases chemicals in dealing with stress, and one's life experiences can be used to draw some insights (Powers, Halpern, Ferenschak, Gillihan & Foa, 2010).

For some people these therapies work their best together and for others just one does the job. The first therapy is exposure therapy, “exposure therapy asks patients to confront, in a safe way, the very situations, objects, people and memories they have attached to the trauma” (Foa 2001) This therapy helps the patient confront their fears in a healthy way, to try to slay the beast and get on with their lives. The second therapy is anxiety management. Anxiety management is five techniques taught to people that help cope with the anxiety experienced from PTSD. The five techniques are,” breathing training, relaxation, assertiveness training, positive thinking and self-talk [and] thought stopping.” These techniques help people calm down enough to cope with their fears slowly, and is usually is used with the exposure therapy process. The third therapy is cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy is positive thinking and “helps you understand how your thoughts affect your feelings.” (Foa 2001) By using these four steps the therapy helps achieve positive feelings and thoughts. Step one, “become more aware of distressing thoughts.” Step two, “pay attention to connections between your thoughts, feelings and behaviors.” Step three, “challenge (talk back to) your negative thoughts.” Last but not least step four, “substitute positive thoughts for negative ones.”(Foa, 2001)

Prolonged exposure (PE) is a specific exposure therapy program that derives from Emotional Processing Theory (EPT). The idea of emotional processing is to interpret realistic information and accommodate that information into a fear structure which in turn diminishes the fear (Foa, 2011). Foa (2011) acknowledges that the idea of failing to process trauma is

In addition, Exposure therapy exposes the survivor to aspects of the trauma so they can re-experience the feelings and fears that overwhelm them. By doing this in the safe surrounding of a therapist’s office patients can face their fears and gain control of their emotions so the trauma is no longer as stressful. The patient is exposed to the traumatic event repeatedly and carefully. They may orally tell their experience, listen to someone else recite the event in the order they happened, or be shown detailed images of the event (Thomas 56). Another form of talk therapies is Group therapy. Group therapy is when a survivor can meet with others who have experienced the same type of trauma (Thomas 53).

The key concepts of behavior therapy are that it “is grounded on a scientific view of human behavior that accommodates a systematic and structured approach to counseling” (Corey, 2013, p. 250). The attention is focused on the behavior of the person. Behavior therapy is about giving control to the client to expand their freedom. “People have the capacity to choose how they will respond to external events in their environment” (Corey, 2013, p. 250).

The therapists that were used were a nurse therapist and a clinical psychologist. In sessions 1 through 5 of Exposure Therapy subjects were asked to imagine their previous trauma memories. Patients were asked to talk in first person tense about what they experienced, and then were asked to imagine and describe critical aspects of the trauma and "rewind and hold"

In this paper the therapies related to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) will be studied in order to determine the applicability thereof for the treatment (and prevention) of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD will be summarised as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders edition 4 with revisions (DSM-IV-TR). The therapy models, their theory and techniques will be discussed. The therapies this paper has in scope are, CBT, Exposure therapy and it’s different related techniques, Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), and Eye Movement Desensitisation

Clients’ emotions have a large impact on services rendered. There are factors; such as, different cultures, protecting others, or just scared; which can keep a client from disclosing emotions. A person culture has an impact on their reaction to the helper because they may view situations differently. If the counselor do not have a clear concept of oneself, it can have a negative impact on the delivery services for people of another background. We must not be too talkative, avoidant, or anxious when talking with clients. These actions can help or harm the client success of treatment if the interviewer do not know how to correspond properly.