External And Internal Controls Research Paper

Those thought to be ethical or moral are described in terms of their values in regards to honesty, integrity and good character. Our ethical conduct originates from our values which are greatly influenced by our morals; they provide guidance and are our standard for the ways in which we carry out and view right and wrong decisions. For these reasons, personal ethics are said to be our foundation and, as such, often influence how we administer ethical codes of conduct in our personal lives, and the ways in which we carry out our organizational duties. The normative foundations of public service ethics are those standards used to justify and defend one’s conduct, i.e. reasoning about obligations, consequences and ultimate ends in specific situations. In addition to personal codes of conduct, leadership in the public sector requires the ability to apply ethical reasoning based on formal controls and technical standards.

The roll of ethics in public administration is based on the administration; administrators should be value-free when they implement public policy. I will discuss why ethics should be based on the administration and, why it should not be based on each individual worker in the administration. I will discuss Weber’s stance on values in bureaucratic organizations, what Macintyre suggests, and what Hummel and Goodsell would conclude about values in public administration. Most people do not understand what an administration deals with everyday on an individual basis. They might think that an administration is supposed to make the best ethical choices, but that is not the case. People who are outside the administration might think that administrators are supposed to use everyday values when implementing policy, but that is also not the case.

Security cameras will be placed strategically around the shop and warehouse and will be watched by employee number 4, he will overlook all security cameras in the warehouse on the weekends when stock will be transferred from the warehouse to store. If any theft occurs during the week when employee 4 is not present, the alarm system installed in the warehouse will sound and 2 men from Sniper (the security service in use) will go to the warehouse to see whether the thieves are still there, they will then report to the owner (you). On weekdays employee 4 will watch the cameras at the store, if any theft does occur from either the employees or customers, employee 4 will detain the thief until the police arrive to take him/her away. A log book will be handled by the manager, when the driver or any employee (transfers stock from warehouse to store) chooses to use company vehicles they will record their check in times, destination and time brought back in the log book, any changes made to the vehicle i.e. Fill up with petrol, must also be recorded in the log book. When vehicle expenses are claimed, one method of substantiating is to maintain a log book. A log book is a written record of your business use of a vehicle over a period

Everything happens for a reason. Some individuals believe that they are the reason behind everything that occurs to them. Other individuals believe in a higher power that predestines them to a certain fate. There are still yet some individuals who fall in between both aspects of personality studies. A non-complex description of this is how my religion can be evaluated through the locus of control. I know a tad surprising, but religion just like in many aspects of the world places an enormous amount of emphasis on what I say or do each day. When I go to Sunday mass, I feel more relaxed about what is yet to come the next day because I have made the effort to acknowledge my rights as well as my wrongs in front of God. While on the other hand, when something doesn’t go my way I feel the need to condemn God and ask Him, “Why have you placed this obstacle in my way?” This brings me to my research question; does my external locus of control affect my behavior? After acquiring some knowledge on the topic in class and from previous readings, I have hypothesized that external locus of control does affect behavior. I will now introduce locus of control, provide evidence that supports my hypothesis, and review the main aspects of my argument.

Setting higher standards for those persons in positions of authority and power over the public establishes a prescribed set of standards for which the public expects to be upheld if authorities are to successfully exude their power and authority over the people. Williams and Arrigo state “Along with power comes an increased responsibility to use it in appropriate ways” (2012). As can be seen in current events, when officials abuse the authority by excessive use of force, kickbacks, or unethical or immoral behavior, the public loses trust and respect for the system as a whole, not just for the individual or individuals in question. An expectation of increased morality and value is expected in persons holding positions where the enforcement of laws, societal values and morals are rendered. Williams and Arrigo further state “…with the presence of increased power, discretion, and thus opportunity, the need for morality increases considerably”

The paper explores the United States Government’s efforts to put in place laws that guide the ethical behavior of its civil service employees. From the founding of the nation, ensuring ethical behavior by government employees has been a recurring theme, and legislation, laws, and executive orders have been implemented at each stage of our government’s growth to guide federal employees in the ethical administration of their duties. However, at what point do the laws become too restrictive on the very citizens who have sworn to uphold our nation’s democratic values? A history of legislation, laws and executive orders is given along with

Ethics are the standards set by a specific institution that provides clear guidelines for acceptable behaviors. James Svara outlines 4 dimensions of ethics as duty, virtue, principles and benefit to society. Each of these dimensions are standard of exceptional public service. At the core of all ethics in bureaucracy is the commitment to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. Moreover, Public Administrators are responsible for countless tasks to ensure that all recipients of a bureaucratic service are treated objectively. Unfortunately, not all Public Administrators illustrate exemplary behaviors conducive to incomparable public service. Theoretical considerations are best used to observe human nature and public administration

To counteract this affliction, public administration must become the focal point of good managers and leaders that embraces a centralized methodology, works unilaterally, and is empathetic towards societal norms. Furthermore, to prevent nuances during process considerations must conceptualize relational structures that improve productivity while advancing constitutional morals and ethics. (Cropf, 2008, p. 233). Unfortunately, in the case of bookkeeper turned director, she allowed her moral compass to misdirect her by not following council expectations as defined in her interim duties. Reality many times drives behavior, in this case it resulted in Suzie’s conflicting apathy towards the shelter that placed it over the established execution of her duties ultimately resulting in her actions while being considered “compassionate,” in the end were declared “unethical” (Cropf, Giancola, & Loutzenhiser, The Public Adminstration Casebook, 2012, p.

I operate daily under the basic philosophy of the “Golden Rule”. Matthew 7:12 states, “So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophet.” I value diversity and inclusiveness in the workplace. In both my professional and personal life, I have recognized a duty beyond self-interest and accepted the responsibility to treat others in a morally right manner.

1. Internal control is a process designed to guarantee the achievement of the objectives of reliable financial reporting, compliance with laws and regulations and ineffective and inefficient operations.

Have you ever heard the words internal locus of control? Do you what it means? An internal locus of control means that you believe you control the circumstance (Lamberton & Minor, 2014). I shall share an incident about a tragedy that occurred in my life in regards to what I believed was internal locus of control.

Two keys for doing as such are empowering difference in the general population administration, and underlining a more noteworthy feeling of communitarian morals. These are intriguing and worthy perspectives; however, anybody looking for a more solid remedy for a more moral organization will need to look somewhere else (Adams & Balfour, 2014). In the last investigation, this unassuming length book means an exceptionally beneficial exertion, one that merits thought as obliged perusing, in entire or to a limited extent, for senior undergrad and graduate understudies, for professionals, and for instructors. We all have something to gain from this phenomenal and retaining commitment to open approach and

Christian ethics is the study of the way of life that conforms to the will of God. Judgment of behaviour derives from the fundamental Christian virtues. These are prudence, fortitude, temperance and justice. Christian ethics is essentially a religious ethic and is deeply founded in the revelation of God. Therefore, “how does the decline of Christianity in modern Western societies impede the validity of a Christian ethical approach to contemporary issues?” (Vorster, 2012). Using Vorster’s article as inspiration for research, I will be discussing whether in society today, true Christian ethics can be found. True Christian ethics involve “concepts like stewardship, readiness to serve and obedience to God” (Vorster, 2012). However, can these concepts flourish in an “environment where hard, rude pursuit of profits, wealth and prosperity are pursued” (Vorster, 2012).

The main tents of ethical leadership in public service is for leaders to be transparent, accountable, and professional to have a successful organization. Committed leaders will exemplify professionalism for followers and possessing the motivation to achieve organizational goals. Naturally, to be professional is to comprehend the significance of roles and performance in public service. Accountability is important to the functionality of a public organization. And transparency in public administration is needed to be sure the public has information handy (Haq, 2011).

“Internal controls are policies and procedures put in place to ensure the continued reliability of accounting systems” (Ingram 2017). WorldCom’s attempts at maintaining internal controls are less than favorable. Segregation of duties enables the division responsibilities to ensure that no employee completes two similar tasks. The CEO’s monitoring of WorldCom’s financial processes shows that the company has a lax segregation of duties, which makes it easier to commit fraud. Access controls protect financial data from unauthorized access, however, WorldCom’s extent is password-protected computers. No access inventories are taken to monitor employee usage, so there is no trail of when employees are doing during work.