Extract F (Lines 4 – 5) Suggests That Public Goods Such as Flood Defences Have to Be Paid for by Somebody. Evaluate the View That the Provision and Maintenance of Flood Defences Should Be Paid for Solely by the Government.

1. The reasons why some buildings are in the floodplains is because of agricultural industry. Another reason is population growth and expansion into those areas where people felt safe because of improvements of levees. Even though people were told about the dangers most people relied on disaster insurance instead of flood insurance. There should be laws that prohibit further development of these areas because it is costing the taxpayers lots of money for people that want to live in these areas that know the risks. If there were laws in place they could use some of the land as soccer fields and football fields as overflow ponds if they do want to build in a floodplain they need to raise the ground up by hauling in soils that will let the water pass through into those overfill ponds.

A natural disaster is something that we cannot avoid, but we can mitigate the effects. Flooding is a natural disaster that we mostly experience in our community, and in case of a flooding in LAPS we should be able to act towards it. An important question we can ask to ourselves is, how can we help LAPS in case of a flooding? There is many different ways that we can help this organization, one is by

Later, in 2001, with the help and support of Teignbridge District Council and Teignmouth Town Council, the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Flood defense Grant in Aid had added new flood gates (fig.1) to the new defense systems (BBC News,

Fundamentally, a community can accumulate points by completion of various hazard mitigating activities to include public information, mapping and regulations, flood damage reduction, and flood preparedness (FEMA, 2017). Below is a table to illustrate these levels. Now, that we have a basic knowledge of the NFIP let’s discuss its benefits. According to FEMA (2012), the NFIP enables policyholders to have coverage up to 250,000 to 100,000, depending on whether the property is residential or commercial. Moreover, the NFIP enables property owners to file a claim without paying back whether the flood becomes a presidentially declared disaster or not whereas disaster assistance requires payback and the disaster to be presidentially declared (p. 2). Therefore, we can see the program has substantial benefits to those who choose to participate. However, there are significant program sustainability issues. First, repetitive flood loss is something which has plagued the sustainability of the NFIP. Since the inception of the NFIP in 1968, approximately 30,000 properties have been deemed severe repetitive loss properties (10 or more losses), costing the program 5.5 billion dollars (Eastman, 2016). Therefore, we can see those who have been impacted by floods continue to be impacted by floods. Secondly, as mentioned above, lack of

In 1930s, the government incorporated disaster aids in in to laws in order to stabilize the economy of the country. As at 1935, laws setting up federal funds available through loans for reestablishment of public amenities, roads, and bridges, which had been destroyed by natural catastrophes, were put in place. Moreover, the 1934 Flood Control Act allowed the U.S army corps of engineers to design and build projects to control floods in the region.

The aim of NFIP is to reduce the losses regarding flood damage through community flood plain management which also provides protection for property owners regarding flood insurance.According to the agreement between local communities and Federal Government will provide management of flood insurance within the community for financial protection against flood losses if a community will make a floodplain management to reduce future flood risks to new construction in Special Flood Hazards Areas.

One major factor to consider regarding future development in Andrews is its potential to flood, since landowners in higher risk areas for flooding would have to purchase flood insurance and prepare for a flood. Since a catastrophic flood event could destroy properties and infrastructure, as well as hurt the local economy, there are areas known as Special Flood Hazard Areas,

Floods are a bit different, because they can be planned for to some degree. It is possible to warn people that a flood is coming, and time to prepare (or evacuate) can mitigate the damage (Schneid & Collins, 2001). People can also choose not to live

I am from Charlotte, NC where we receive an average amount of rain, nothing too crazy. Coming to school in Norfolk I was first introduced to what flooding actually was. It was beautiful day prior, and suddenly it began pouring down raining. In about 10 minutes the streets were flooded. Staff had to take students to the other side of campus in their own cars. The underpasses were filled with so much water, that no cars could get through. Later on that was when I was informed that Norfolk is below sea level causing it to flood when it rains. Coming from a city where it doesn’t flood, to a city that floods was a shock. Through research I found of what Costal Resilience was, and how other cities are dealing with the same problems the Tidewater District is dealing with. If cities could be better prepared in times of hazardous events, less money would be lost and people wouldn’t relocate.

The Business owners are being affected tremendously in the last few years due to the constantly flooding in the area, they had lost several thousands of dollars in merchandise and the insurance premiums had increased due to the floods. The business owners had demonstrated interest in working with the city of South Amboy and the community; however, the resistance of the beachfront’s home owner association in implementing some of the mitigation efforts, made it almost impossible to accomplish the task. The Business owners can assist to implement the

A flood can be defined in many depths but is simply water where it isn’t wanted. In late 2010 Queensland was affected by major flash flooding this continued on into the beginning of 2011 and ¾ of Queensland was declared a disaster zone.

Of course building a floodwall shows that the town of West Mendham have a clear understanding of the risk the town faces as opposed to not having a floodwall. The construction of the wall will have both positive and negative impact. Nonetheless, the immediate advantage of the wall will be to protect the inland side of the wall from flooding. This type of floodwall is also best for areas like West Mendham where space is limited. In an event of a flood, the walls will serve as a sustainable mechanism to help reduce the impact of flooding and building damages would be limited. These are of course some positive aspects of the floodwall, assuming its construction.

Flooding can cause serious property damage and harm the lives of people and other species. Floods can be caused by many reasons such as, high tides, hurricanes, tsunamis, heavy rains, broken dams and more. Flood control is used to help prevent disasters caused by flooding waters. Flood control is important everywhere, but it is even more important in areas where there are large amounts of water like the Mississippi River, the Gulf Coast, East and West Coast, and even the Great Lakes. There are many more areas, but those are just to name a few. In areas like these, flood control is a public good because everyone has the ability to benefit from whatever is being used to control the flood such as, dams, levees, sea or break walls, sand bags etc. Public goods are not excludable nor rival in consumption which means everyone has access to it. The government provides money for flood control to be built making them a public good and free for everyone to use as protection against floods. Since flood control is free and the government pays for the flood prevention this means it is a free market. A free market is an economic system where price is determined by unrestricted competition.

Summary: When companies are regulated in the amount of timber that is ex-ported, this can help to limit the amount of deforestation.

Thirdly, public-private partnership is also key in building climate and disaster resilient developing countries through insurance industry which is unique mechanism for the sharing and transferring of risk (ClimateWise, The Munich Climate Insurance Initiative (MCII), & The United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), 2013).. If there is no risk insurance programme, individuals, households, businesses and governments would accept their own risk exclusively (ClimateWise et al., 2013). Insurance provide these entities to protect from financial burden of catastrophic losses through risk transfer mechanism (ClimateWise et al., 2013). Furthermore, the policy and legal frameworks should also be developed and implemented by