FIN 571 Final Exam Latest UOP Study Materials

In contrast, when capital rationing constraints occur over multiple periods and when there are numerous projects, Baumol and Quandt (1965) suggest that mathematical programming may be used to evaluate investments. The linear programming technique is widely used as the model is specifically designed to search through combinations of projects achieving the highest NPV whilst subject to a budget constraint. However, Brealy et al (2008) note that a main disadvantage to using linear programming may be the models can be highly complex and costly.

A constant annual rate of dividend growth of 9 per cent is expected on a particular

-Martin Industries just paid an annual dividend of $1.30 a share. The market price of the stock is $36.80 and the growth rate is 6.0 percent. What is the firm's cost of equity?

In order to find the WACC, we need to find the cost of the components of the capital structure and their proportion in the total capital.

Lastly, the interest rate was calculated by dividing interest expense by long-term debt for the company. These numbers, along with equity and debt data given to us in the case, resulted in a WACC of 13.89%.

Weights of Debt and equity are 8.3 and 91.7%. Now, plugging all the values in, we can derive company’s Weighted Average Cost of Capital.

None of the components of the cost of capital are directly observable and therefore need to be approximated using various models and assumptions. The cost of equity is derived from the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) while the cost of debt can be estimated from the firm credit rating and default risk or from yields on publicly traded debt. However interest on debt is tax deductible so if we were to discount free cash flows from operations using Ra we would not take into account the value of the tax shield. Therefore the after-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is used instead. WACC includes an adjustment to the cost of debt by the marginal tax rate (Tm): WACC = Rd x (1-Tm) x D/V + Re x E/V (= Ra – Rd x Tm x D/V) WACC is less than the opportunity cost of capital Ra because the cost of debt is calculated after tax as Rd (1-Tm). Thus

Jack 's Construction Co. has 80,000 bonds outstanding that are selling at par value. Bonds with similar characteristics are yielding 8.5%. The company also has 4 million shares of common stock outstanding. The stock has a beta of 1.1 and sells for $40 a share. The U.S. Treasury bill is yielding 4% and the market risk premium is 8%. Jack 's tax rate is 35%. What is Jack 's weighted average cost of capital?

21. The current year 's dividend (D0) for a share of common stock is $2 and the current price (P0) of the stock is $30. Dividends are expected to grow at 5% forever. What is the rate of return for this stock? [Ans: 12 %]

Based on Amstelveen Corporations’ policies and capital budget figures, I recommend that the corporation to invest in Projects A, B, C, and E. Project A has a very high internal rate of return and accounting rate of return. This indicates this project will be highly profitable and a positive net present value will increase the value of the corporation. The payback period of 1.5 years also falls within the 2 year cut-off stated in the policy. Both Projects B and E have acceptable internal rate of returns and accounting rate of returns as well. This indicates profitability for the company. Since the net present value for these projects are positive, they have positive cash flows and much value in the corporation.

This will be the capital structure weight for the WACC. Thus, debt percentage is 34.4% and equity is 65.6%.

* A corporation must decide whether to introduce a new product line. The new product will have startup costs, operational costs, and incoming cash flows over six years. This project will have an immediate (t=0) cash outflow of $100,000 (which might include machinery, and employee training costs). Other cash outflows for years 1–6 are expected to be $5,000 per year. Cash inflows are expected to be $30,000 each for years 1–6. All cash flows are after-tax, and there are no cash flows expected after year 6. The required rate of return is 10%. The present value (PV) can be calculated for each year:

The WACC (weighted average cost of capital) is a percentage figure resulting from a calculation method by which the adequate cost of capital of a firm is expressed. It considers the composition of a company’s funding, be it debt or equity. A corporation whose source of funding is equity by 100 percent will have a WACC equal to the cost of equity. By contrast, a levered company will have to reflect the cost of debt as well. The WACC takes their respective quantitative contributions to the entire amount of funding, serving hence as an allocation base, into account. As there is a direct relationship between the two portions, debt and equity, in order to calculate

WACC = (% of equity x cost of equity) + (% of debt x cost of debt) x (1-Corp

Project appraisal techniques are used to evaluate possible investment opportunities and to determine which of these opportunities will generate the best return to the firm’s shareholders. Therefore, it is vital for the firm if they wish to continue receiving funds from shareholders to employ the best techniques available when analysing which investment opportunities will give the best return. There are two types of project appraisal techniques: non-discounted cash flows and discounted cash flows. The Net Present Value and internal rate of return, examples of discounted cash flows, are in use in many large corporations and regarded as more effective than the traditional techniques of payback and accounting rate of return. In this paper, I