Facial Anthropology

The various methods of identifying murder victims and scientists continue to carry out research with an aim of coming up with more complex and correct of identifying victims of crime such as murder especially in cases where the remains of the victim are aged or extremely dishonored. When it comes to the identity of murder victims including in circumstances where only the teeth or the bones of the victim are available for identification of the victim. Depending on what type of work that a victim that have certain marks and calluses on their hands can also determine help identity a victim. A murder victim identity can also be known if they have identification on them. The victim could have a next of kin that could identify their body too.

Most mass fatalities are “closed populations” where there is often information of whom may be affected in the form of a list or flight manifest (Warren 254). This is helpful to forensic anthropologists because it allows them to gather information and then observe remains and make comparisons. However, due to the large number of remains that forensic anthropologist have to deal with, it is often essential that they look for specific characteristics that may help them to identify individuals easier.

Selection of furniture for large number of people is not ideal therefore Anthropometric measurements are necessary tools to determine the range of body size in the population in other to ensure furniture

becomes upset because he believes that his family is losing touch with their own culture. As his daughter Chai Thao states “Dad is

The passage mainly introduce the phrenology theory, introduced by an Autrian physician, namely Franz Joseph Gall, about realationship between human's head size and shape with mental features. In addition, it elaborates upon the major achievements of its founder. However, the lecture trys to discuss flaws and triumphs of Gall's theory through analyzing his results.

3) For the Human Length Measurements the shoulders were measured first from outermost lateral deltoid across to other side in centimeters and inches. Next, upper arm from the greater trochanter to lateral elbow. Then from the forearm which is the lateral elbow to lateral wrist bones was measured. Next, the thigh was measured starting from the greater trochanter to lateral condyle of knee. Finally, the calf was measured from the lateral condyle of knee to lateral ankle malleolus. Data was recorded for all measurements. All measurements were taken in cm and

Three cultures that have different interpretations or rules of facial expressions when compared to the United States may include; Japan, Puerto Rico or Hawaii I feel like you can tell so much but someone’s facial expressions. As we were growing up my mom would always say, “I can tell your lying, I can see it on your face”. I feel the same way about my children today. I can look at their face and their facial expressions say a lot. I can tell when they are happy, sad, worried or even lying. I read an article called a look into the way culture affects facial expressions. It was a very interesting read. Some things I learned regarding this subject from that article are; Japanese people look to the eyes for emotional signals while American’s look

I have often thought that the human body in a remarkable organism, even more so, the distinctiveness of human DNA. Whilst I’m aware that it is common to be, fascinated by tales of crime and intrigue, inspired by the thought of solutions, I am equally aware, as I have intellectually grown, my enquiring mind has developed a much deeper curiosity in biological science and its forensic application. Exploiting forensics, can not only assist in identifying a victim, but can also provide the scientific evidence required to secure a criminal conviction, despite the lack of other evidence been present. It is this which continues to motivate me to pursue a career in this field, with the biological aspects of forensic science; anthropology, DNA analysis, and the chemistry of the subject; toxicology and entomology, is what appeals to me the most.

As stated above, anthropologist determine the sex of the remains. In order to do so, they need to know the differences between male and female skeletal materials. Over the years the human body has changed. One way anthropologist can determine the remains is cranial shape. “American white skulls have evolved by expanding in height and length”. (Godde pg. 1). Males are more affected by nutritional stress than females, this can be seen through body size. A nuchal crest relates to the neck muscles. In females “nuchal crests enlarged, while glabella has decreased. In males, supraorbitalis dull, while glabella decreased.

Estimating the age at time of death from an unidentified individual’s remains is an important factor of forensic anthropology. There are certain standard processes and procedures that are employed in the lab to help determine the age as well as other biological profile data. In young adults, bone and tooth maturation are often used to roughly estimate the age of the body. In adults, the deterioration of bones is used to predict the age of the unknown body.

Epiphyseal (growth plates) fusion (Krogman and İşcan, 1986), dental eruption and wear (Ubelaker, 1989; Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994), cranial suture (elastic tissue that connects the bones of the skull) closure (Meindl and Lovejoy, 1985), features of the pelvis such as the pubic symphysis (Todd, 1921a, 1921b; Brooks and Suchey, 1990) and auricular surface (Lovejoy et al. 1985b) are some examples of commonly used methods for age determination. Other features of the pelvis such as the morphology of the subpubic region (Phenice, 1969) are a commonly used method for sex determination. Morphology and metrics of the skull, including the mandible, have been beneficial in determination of sex (Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994). Additionally, metric measurements of appendicular bones have also shown to be useful at determining sex (France, 1998). This study is limiting the discussion to the skull and

The teeth is a one way to establish the age, but it may not be accurate. The third molar was used in a study conducted by Charles University. The authors used 1,110 from ages five to fifteen orthopantomograms to evaluate the stage development of the third molar. Patients from sixteen to twenty-one were used to calculate the third molar eruption; however, 2.5% of the group were excluded because their wisdom teeth were not developed. Since the teeth are not always accurate, the pelvis is once more used, specifically the pubic symphysis. Even though there is no specific technique used to determine the age of an individual, an experiment performed in Chiba University concluded there is a connection between the pubic “bone lengths or heights of the parallel division of the pubic symphysis… and age at death” (Age Estimation using Tomography). As the individual ages the parallel divisions lengthen the tilted part becomes shorter. There was almost no significant differences between men and women; however, there male age was simpler to identify the age. (Age Estimation using

Face Shape is an important subject when it comes to helping make people confident and making decisions on the right frames. Face shape play a part with people beauty and characteristics. Everyone in the world have different face shape, face shape is broken down into basic shapes: Square, Long(Oblong), Round, Triangle, Inverted Triangle, Diamond, Oval, Heart shaped faces.

Facial recognition is a useful tool used to efficiently identify a person based on their

Facial skin mapping is an ages-old technique derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda practices. This technique divides the facial skin into “zones,” which ancient medical practitioners (and skin experts of today) evaluate to determine underlying health problems, such