Facial Identification And Recognition

In adults, three variables were used to test the other-race effect on facial recognition: orientation, face type and ethnicity. Adults at least 18 years of age and older (N = 64) were asked to recognize upright and inverted adult and infant faces. Recognition was tested using a forced-choice procedure. 4 slides were shown during a trial to make sure participants understood the instructions. Next, participants viewed 48 slides with faces alternating between adult female and infant faces; first segment each face was upright, second segment faces were inverted. The results of the study found that there was no significance between race and facial recognition. Other research conducted has shown that race does in fact have a significant effect on facial recognition.

Eyewitness testimonies provide crucial evidence in pinpointing the identity of the perpetrator in order to solve a crime, thus the criminal justice system depends upon the accuracy of eyewitness identification to investigate and prosecute criminals. However, eyewitness identification is imperfect and the leading cause of wrongful convictions (Huff, Rattner, & Sagarin, 1996; Scheck, Neufeld, & Dwyer, 2000). One prominent method of eyewitness identification is a line-up procedure during which “A line-up is a procedure in which a criminal suspect (or a picture of the suspect) is placed among other people (or pictures of other people) and shown to an eyewitness to see if the witness will identify the suspect as the culprit in question” (Wells

Questions presented to older children (>24 months) were revised from those asked in the Clark (1947) and Horowitz (1938) studies. For instance, instead of asking the children to select from dolls that bore a strong resemblance to them or which doll they desired the best; Katz and Kofkin’s (1997) questions included in this study were “Are you a boy or girl?” (p. 558).

Eyewitness identification is a major issue in today’s society. Eyewitness identification has become a very faulty issue because of different estimator variables such as; weapons focus, suggestive identification, and human memory. Most times when crimes are committed suspects tend to use a weapon such as a bat, knife or gun. When weapons are used victims focus their attention more on the weapon than the actual suspect. Due to weapons focus victims never really get a chance to take a good look at the perpetrator face.

The introduction segment of the article delivers substantial review of the literature that has driven the study. They note that over the last 25-30 years, cognitive and social psychologists have performed research questioning the accuracy of eyewitness identification evidence and are planning methods to advance eyewitness identification precision (Cutler & Penrod, 1995; Wells, 1993). Additionally they note that the U.S justice system has now started to incorporate better methods of eyewitness identification based on this psychological research (Wells et al., 2000).

Verbal overshadowing has been coined as the undependable eyewitness testimonials of explicit memories resultant of the cognitive barriers to a person’s inability to accurately verbalize or depict the events that have transpired. To illustrate the inaccuracies caused by verbal overshadowing, if it even exists, we conducted a study to demonstrate the differences in a person’s cognitive ability to accurately identify a perpetrator that has committed a crime in a police lineup (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). Participants were provided a brief video clip of a perpetrator committing a crime, and data retrieval were manipulated between two conditions: a one-week delay in description retrieval, and half hour delay in description retrieval of the perpetrator’s identity. Although immediate retrieval is coined as the best technique to providing an accurate description, many argue the immediate retrieval may contribute to the effects of verbal overshadowing. In essence, all eyewitness remembrance is predominately terrible, no matter the individual providing the description (also see, Brown C., Lloyd-Jones, T. J., & Robinson, M.,

While the point you are making is just, I do not completely agree. Picture IDs are a wonderful way to clarify who the person a police officer is dealing with is, but they are not perfect either. A person can easily change what they look like to fit a fake or stolen ID, family members have an uncanny resemblance that a simple change in haircolor could make a twin. As technology continues to improve, a much easier way would be using fingerprints to prove identity. Though fingerprints can also be stolen, using fingerprints would not go against any

In relation to environment, girls tend to pick up on what they see the female figure in the house doing. Barbie Dolls tend to heavily reinforce roles

Eyewitness identification reliability has always been scrutinized by many people. The reliability issues can come not only from memory deficits but also from the way in which they are presented with a photo lineup. This study was designed to identify the differences, if they existed, between the two presentation methods of photo lineups. The sequential lineup presentation was originally designed to deter “[a] witness from making ‘relative judgments’ in which [they] compare lineup members with each other and then show a propensity to identify the person who looks most like their memory” (Wells 2). The study was conducted to help determine the most reliable way to present lineups to witnesses. The study was conducted using a software designed

This essay will talk about face recognition and several reasons why it has been studied separately. The ability to recognise faces is of huge significance of people’s daily life and differs in important ways from other forms of object recognition (Bruce and Young, 1986). Than this essay will talk about the processes involved in face recognition which comes from the diversity of research about familiar and unfamiliar faces-it includes behavioural studies, studies on brain-damaged patients, and neuroimaging studies. Finally, it will discuss how face recognition differs from the recognition of other object by involving more holistic or configuration processing and different areas of the brain (Eysenck & Keane, 2005).

One of them is photo identification. Various studies was conducted in this aspect. In the study done by Chance and Goldstein,1984 stated that laboratory studies done on this issue doesn’t show much improvement but mostly it was stated that as the eyewitness’s age increase, the accurateness of the identifications also increase. Subsequently study done by Newcombe, Rogoff and Kagan, 1997 stated that in the aspect of memory recognition, adults are more accurate than children. They also stated that children tend to produce false memory. To support the study done by Newcombe, Rogoff and Kagan, 1997 they linked their study to the case study on Kelly Michael’s case on false memory in 1980. Kelly was a preschool teacher who was imprisoned on 115 counts of sexual abuse. This was based on the testimony given by 20 of her students. After 47 years spent in jail, Kelly’s sentence was upturned after the method used in the interview during the testimony was shown to be forcible and highly

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has been a longtime leader in biometrics. The FBI provides a continuous number of services, information, and training regarding biometrics. In an effort to connect new technologies and improve identifications, the Bureau established the Next Generation Identification (NGI) system. The NGI is used by the FBI for the state, local, federal, and tribal authorities to protect families in America. This system provides the criminal justice community with the world’s largest and most efficient electronic source of biometric and criminal history information. Biometrics is not only used to authenticate a person’s identity but to determine who someone is by scanning a database of records.

You already mentioned some very interesting examples of where face recognition could be used or already is in use. Authentication is needed more and more in a digitalized world. At first, I thought face recognition could be useful for unlocking phones or open door locks, for example. But I came to notice that there are situations in which this face recognition could actually be disturbing or even dangerous. Imagine a person having an accident and somebody tries to call for help using the cell phone of this person. Help could be hindered by a phone only unlocking through face recognition of the owner. A similar situation would arise in a burning house. The owner being trapped inside, firefighters may not be able to enter the house for help as quickly as they could without a face recognition lock.

Facial recognition has been proven to advance in areas where DNA and fingerprint have both fallen short. The complications that DNA and fingerprint possess is these two identification tools will not always be present in a scene, also other errors such as, cross contamination may occur and false evidence may be presented, as an ill attempt to cover up a mistake or taint evidence. From this information, it can be inferred that the error rate of DNA compared to facial recognition is high.

In this essay descriptions as well as identifications of research evidence for both Bruce and Young’s 1986 cognitive model of face recognition and Burton, Bruce and Johnston’s 1990 cognitive model of face recognition; which are then applied to two separate case studies and an explanation of which better suits each shall be given. For the purposes of this essay, Bruce and Young’s 1986 model shall be theory 1, and Burton, Bruce and Johnston’s 1990 model, shall be theory 2.