Facial Muscles: A Case Study

Scientists have long thought that the cause on why our fingers prune was caused by osmosis. Osmosis is the swelling of the outer layer of the skin as water is soaked into cells (Perkins, 2013). Scientists thought osmosis was the answer, because after having your fingers in water for a long period of time, much of the sebum is rubbed off, and our outer layer of skin starts to absorb water, which is osmosis. While scientists had an impression that osmosis was the answer to why our fingers prune, this is when experiments and observations became an important part to why our fingers prune. An observation that took us deeper into research was that wrinkles are assembled by nerves that automatically trigger pressure of blood vessels beneath the skin, which results in reducing the amount of tissues that are there. Moreover, scientist began to think finger wrinkling has a neurological basis. Lewis and Pickering found that skin in the median nerve distribution failed to wrinkle in median nerve palsy. Both men investigated an experiment that composed of the role of the autonomic nervous system and suggested that it may be used as a test of autonomic function. Additionally, in 2011, Mark

As we age, we develop wrinkles and fine lines on our face due to the repetitive movements of the facial muscle. Other factors like diet, exposure to sun and smoking can also affect your skin. Laser resurfacing treatment is a good option for treating the various skin problems including scars, age spots, wrinkles, brown discoloration, some types of acne scarring and stretch marks.

Botox (Botulinum toxin type A) is known and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for removing facial wrinkles. It is also known as the most potent type of Botulinum toxin. Making men and women look younger and feel healthier is what this drug is cosmetically known for along with the side effects. The Botox is injected directly into the face, and reduces wrinkles for a period of several weeks to months. Although its use is strictly controlled, there have been reports of fatalities and sever side effects from extreme uses of Botox. It is also known for treating headaches and helping people not only in the

Through my research I found that Botox, the trade name for Botulinum Toxin type A, is a "neuromuscular junction blocking agent produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum" ("Botulinum Toxin"). In other words, Botox is derived from the same poisonous bacterium which causes botulism - a deadly food poisoning. The Botox works "by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which results in muscle weakness. It does not alter the muscle or the nerve, but prevents the relay of information between the two" ("Botulinum Toxin"). Therefore, Botox is beneficial in the treatment of wrinkles and frown lines because it causes specific muscles to relax, which in turn lessens the lines of facial expressions. Because Botox relaxes specific muscles, it is also used to treat a variety of medical conditions dealing with muscle spasms.

Also, three primary structural components of the dermis, collagen, elastin and GAGs have been the subjects of the majority of anti-aging research and efforts for aesthetic-anti-aging strategies pertaining to the skin, from “anti-wrinkle creams” to various filling agents.

Tones the skin giving it a lifting effect making the skin appear fresher and younger.

Botox is a form of injectable and can be beneficial to men and women in more ways than one. And how we can move away from the stigma that it is a vain procedure.

The fight against wrinkles has just gotten more sophisticated. There are two new face fillers in town, and they are going to make waves in the anti-aging industry.

Tired of that deep line in between your eyebrows? How about those bothersome crow’s feet that make you look older than you’d like? Fortunately, Botox, short for Botulinum toxin, can help with that. Forehead furrows—the horizontal lines that can show up in your forehead—can also disappear with the help of a few injections. Botox can also do more than just make wrinkles disappear; it has been shown to reduce the symptoms of a variety of different medical conditions, including migraines, muscle contractures, lazy eye, cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis, and bladder dysfunction.

Today, Botox is not only used for beauty but is also used to treat a variety of problems, such as migraines, neck pain, excessive sweating, body odor, morbid obesity, carpal tunnel syndrome, stroke paralysis, incontinence and clubfoot in infants to name just a few. It has become a life savor for many people with debilitating disease or disorders. Using Botox as a medical treatment has recently hit close to home when my Mom was diagnosed two years ago with a rare vocal disorder called spasmodic dysphonia. The origin of this disorder was originally thought to be psychoneurotic, but in recent years it has become classified as a movement disorder of the larynx. Spasmodic dysphonia involves uncontrollable “spasms" of the muscles in the vocal cords that cause interruptions in speech which affect the quality of a person’s voice. In the more common type, adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), vocal cords prematurely tighten when speaking which causes a squeaky high pitch voice. In the type of dysphonia my mom has, abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD), when she talks, her vocal cords don’t close when they are supposed to which results in a breathy, whispery voice. Her voice seemed to get worse over time, it was less able to understand what she was

Facelift remains one of the most popular and effective facial rejuvenation procedures to date, and for good reason. One reason many people get the procedure is they don’t want their face to look perpetually tired.

Are you considering dermal fillers in Alderley Edge? Have you noticed fine wrinkles on your face and would like to do something about it? Dermal fillers are an excellent alternative to cosmetic surgery. They are generally composed of hyaluronic acid, which occurs naturally in the body and does, unfortunately, decrease with age. Dermal fillers are a technique that can add volume to the face and visibly smooth out lines. It can smooth skin and soften fine lines under and around the eye. Worried about the folds around your mouth? Dermal fillers can add volume to these, creating a smoother, firmer look.

In 2000, botox injection treatments were also approved for treating cervical dystonia, a neurological movement disorder associated with sever neck and shoulder contractions. Finally in April 2002, The FDA granted approval to BOTOX® COSMETIC, the brand used by Allergan Inc. for the temporary improvement in the appearance of moderate to severe glabellar or frown lines in adult men and women ages 18 and up to 65. The approval specifically applies to the vertical lines between the eyebrows. Now Allergan is the one of the main producer and distributor of botox for aesthetic uses world wide.[7]

If dermatologists wore black cloaks rather than white coats, you might mistake them for magicians. The specialists wave infrared wands and recommend apparently mystical components, drastically reversing signs of aging. But they also have delicate, more nuanced tricks up their sleeves. In a matter of hours, and occasionally minutes, these doctors can implement speedy, comfortable procedures that leave you looking perkier, tighter and years younger. Believe it or not, they can even hone the shape of your nose with completely no skin off it. Sun spots, spider veins, hanging jowls, dreariness- now you see them, now you don't with the aid of a carefully

Hello Everyone. When you hear the word Botox, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Is it celebrities, people who want to look younger or maybe you just don’t care. Personally for me, when I heard the word Botox before I did my research for this informative speech, I thought of Kim Kardashian or Joan Rivers. But, Botox is more than just social media hype. Botox is a neurotoxin protein called botulinum toxin, that can be used medically to treat certain types of muscular conditions, and cosmetically to remove wrinkles temporarily by paralyzing facial muscles. You may think that Botox used for cosmetic purposes is just for females trying to look younger, but studies have shown that the number of American men