Factor Analysis Magimid

Clinical psychologists treat those whose thought patterns and behaviours are a threat to their own wellbeing and potentially a threat to others. By using techniques such as observation and interviews, clinical psychologists will assess a patients problem and use this information to provide suitable treatment. Treatments through this pathway require the patients cooperation to both analyse and manage their condition (Health Careers, 2016). Whilst conducting treatments with

Bowenian therapists believe that the development of behaviour disorder symptoms are the result of the individual’s inability to handle stress effectively. According to the Bowenians therapists, the ability to handle stress is correlated to an individual’s level of differentiation. The more differentiated a person, the more resilient the person (Nichols, 2010, pp 120). The result of a study to determined the link between differentiation of self, social anxiety and physiological symptoms suggests that less differentiated individuals are more

The study included 17,347 participants from ages 19 to 60 and up, all different educational levels, and economic backgrounds this was important so the study had different sampling groups. The study documents the conversion of traumatic emotional experiences in childhood into organic disease later in life (Vincent J. Felitti). Understanding how, “Chronic exposure to stress hormones, whether it occurs during the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, and adolescence has an impact on brain structures involved in cognition and mental health” (Lupien). Persistent and over abundance of these stress hormones can effect an individual in numerous ways such as focusing issues, social issues, depression, anxiety, and much more. The ACE study doesn’t tell an individual they will absolutely have these outcomes, however it is a reliable indicator of possibilities. Other research done with the ACE study has found “a strong graded relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults”(Felliti). The ACE study, found that an individual with an ACE score of 4 or more was 460% more likely to be suffering from depression than an individual with an ACE score of 0; furthermore the study also found that there was a 1,220% increase in attempted suicide between the two groups

and is encouraged to process the trauma from different perspectives using cues from the therapist. The patient also repeatedly engages with their fear triggers.177

Dziegielewski & Turnage (2015) cites Marinchak & Morgaon (2012) six factors to consider when using any type of behavioral treatment (p. 330): (1) client and practioner develop a collaborative relation, goals and objectives are negoitiated (2) client has committed to actively address problem behavior both in and outside theapy session (3) complete a functional analysis to clearly idenify which problem require immedicte attention, (4) client involved in developing treatment goals and strategies (5) develop a clear plan and indicators to evaluate treatment progress (6) provide long-term recovery strategies and specific practice relaspe straegy related to

I am drawn to the field of applied behavior analysis as it is a way of understanding that allows me to address the needs of my clients and determine how to help them beyond just the label of a diagnosis. Through using applied behavior analysis effectively the origin and meaning of a behavior can be determined. When a behavior occurs a detailed report is created to describe the situation prior to the behavior, what the target behavior (behavior that is not appropriate) was and the consequences of that behavior. Analyzing the behavior using these reports helps to determine the function of the behaviors, which allows for a plan to be implemented to replace or extinct the behavior. Target behaviors within some cases are be used as a form of communication when words are not available or known to the client. Determining a more

The article I read was a doctoral thesis that looked into an individual’s risk factor to schizophrenia and the connection it has on their stress sensitivity. It looked at four different ways in which this research question has been studied. The first study looked at the effects of daily hassles using the Acute Hassles Scale (AHS). The second study also used the AHS and compared it to various other measures of sensitivity to stress. The results found that although AHS is an appropriate measure to psychological stress, it is not useful for measuring the biological side of an individual’s stress sensitivity. The third study looked at historical factors, such as a person’s negative life event and socioeconomic status, has an effect on the participant’s

As a working behavior analyst, some challenges that can be faced is selecting the appropriate and successful intervention for a client and their environment. Behavior analyst should be knowledgeable of each treatment and be able to choose the best treatment possible for their client. All behavior analyst at one point in their career will come across treating a client for an escape maintained problem behavior. Geiger, Carr, and LeBlanc’s (2010) article describes researched based treatments that can be used for escape maintained problem behaviors. These treatments are activity choice, curricular and instructional revision, demand fading, differential reinforcement, including functional communication training, differential negative reinforcement of zero rates of responding, and differential negative reinforcement of alternative behavior, as well as, escape extinction, and non-contingent escape. The article states that clinical decision making models were researched for the selection of the most appropriate treatment based on the client and their environment (Geiger, Carr, & LeBlanc, 2010). The article also goes on to state the advantages and disadvantages of each appropriate treatment.

In this case, the subject I chose to study resembles many characteristics of the subjects that I researched about. The subject was diagnosed with PTSD at a young age and since has felt many similar psychological symptoms as those that have been studied by others. Excessive anxiety, fear, numbness, and detachment from others are signs of common behavioral issues that occur in individuals who go through a traumatic experience at a young age (Crandell, Crandell & Vander Zanden, 2012). The way a child is nurtured during development has much to do with how they react to life as they mature and go through adulthood (Ortigo, 2013). The subject in this study reported to have been raised well, but may not have had the most outstanding emotional support for the feelings and confusion he had about his traumatic experience during development. This has led to a few issues in relation to self and others throughout life.

This section interprets the results and evaluates them, followed by a conclusion to the research and ideas for future research on the existing topic. (What is a scientific article? 2014) For this article the authors interprets the results in reference to the three general theories of stress which are the arousal theory, the composite theory and the maximal adaptive theory; concluding with the maximal adaptive theory of stress to have the ‘better’ explanation. Lastly is the reference section. While it is not included into the SIMRAD acronym, it is an important section which lists all the documents, websites and information that are referred to by the author. In this case, the author lists a large amount of articles used for the meta-analytic review and refers to them throughout the text to support and add credibility to their written work. (Szalma, Hancock

Betty Neuman’s systems model is a systems theory that emphasizes the importance of the complex and ongoing interactions among all subsystems of an individual (Hood, 2014, p.128). Neuman’s systems model focuses on decreasing external, internal, and environmental factors that could adversely affect an individual. Furthermore, Neuman’s system model explains that these stressors can cause a specific response and a unique reaction that consequently wears off the defense lines that protect the person’s inner core and preserve their health and well-being (Hood, 2014, p.131). In contrast, Callista Roy’s adaption model is a stress/adaption theory based on the premise that human response can adapt and “change in terms of accommodation” (Hood, 2014, p. 133). Roy’s adaption model explains that human response to stimuli is dictated by the individual’s adaptive modes, type of stimuli they were confronted by, level of adaption, and ability to cope (Hood, 2014). Moreover, as Hood (2014) states, a person’s adaption level is determined by its response to a combination of focal, contextual, and residual stimuli.

Another technique I have utilized during the session is the A-B-C paradigm. According to Turner (2011), stated that the major elements of the paradigm are target behavior, antecedents, and consequence. Target behavior is the behavioral analysis and these behaviors is often identified during the assessment as a behavior that need to change. For example, the target behavior with the client is thinking that her friends do not care and having a difficult time coping the death of her mother which led her to become depressed. Also, the antecedents and consequence links together because the antecedent may incite the behavior to occur and the consequence may deter the target behavior from reoccurring. When Karen stated that her friends does not care

Although rates of trauma- and stress-related mental health problems are high among FDPs, only a small proportion receive mental health treatment, let alone interventions grounded in a strong evidence base (Collins et al., 2011). This global public mental health crisis stems not only from a lack of resources and the complexity of providing treatment to FDPs worldwide, but also from a lack of rigorous experimental clinical research essential to guide the development of effective and disseminable mental health interventions tailored to FDPs (Collins et al., 2011; Nickerson, Bryant, Silove, & Steel, 2011). Indeed, in a seminal article, Collins et al. (2011) highlighted the urgency and importance of advancing the science of FDP mental health. Accordingly, in the present study we focused on one promising bio-psycho-behavioral risk process and treatment target that we theorize may be relevant to FDP mental health attentional bias (AB; Van Bockstaele et al., 2014). We propose that AB may be an important target for study with respect to trauma-related psychopathology among FDPs for three reasons. First, AB (e. g., to threat, self-related information, negative emotional information) has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of prevalent mental disorders. Specifically, AB to threat has been linked to stress- and trauma-related psychopathology (Van Bockstaele et al., 2014). Second, AB to threat is malleable and thus a candidate therapeutic target (MacLeod & Clarke, 2015; Van

I also agree with the diathesis-stress-model that there is a predisposition whether it is biological, psychosocial, or sociocultural, and under certain stressful impacts it triggers and sets in motion anxiety disorders (Berger, 2014). Since anxiety disorders include a variety of ailments such are panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders are more widespread than depression (Berger, 2014). Since anxiety disorders are so prevalent in such a large number of people for various disorders it raises questions. Such as, when several people experience the same traumatic event, what is the underlying predisposition that causes some people to be traumatized to the point of developing post-traumatic

Cluster analysis has many different algorithms and methods to classify objects(Saunders, 1994). One of the challenges faced by the researchers in different areas is to organize their data which is possible by cluster analysis, it is a data analysis tool which focus on classifying the different objects into groups such that the degree of association of the objects in a same group is highest if they belong and least if they do not belong. Cluster analysis is a simple term, it does not identify any statistical method or model and also there is no need to make any assumptions about distribution of data, it is used to form groups of relevant variables without providing any explanation (Stockburger, n.d.).