Factors Behind The Variations Of Language Use Among Adults

“Our culture, our traditions, our languages are the foundations upon which we build our identity.” - Unknown. Bilingualism has many different interpretations and definitions and can cause problems in the community or unite it. The concept of bilingualism represents several different ideas, two writers, Martin Espada and Richard Rodriguez share in their essays their personal stories about being immersed into the English culture and learning the language. They share their views of what bilingualism means to them personally and make arguments about the importance of the concept. The two essayists bring awareness to the major role bilingualism plays in the communities today and highlight the effects of disagreements between cultural groups.

In America, there is a predominant growth in multiple ethnicities and cultural backgrounds; leading to the usage of multiple languages in the American culture. There is a growing need for many people to learn and utilize multiple languages within the workplace and within one 's own personal life. The importance of bilingualism and the knowledge of multiple languages is ever increasing, and therefore becoming more important for the younger generations. The push for knowing multiple languages and becoming bilingual has many potential negative and positive effects.

Scholar, Gloria Anzaldúa, in her narrative essay, “How To Tame A Wild Tongue’, speaks her many experiences on being pressured on what language to use. She then expresses how the discrimination made her to realize the ugly truth--that people reject languages that aren’t their own. She adopts logos, ethos and pathos in order to appeal toward her audience who is anyone who is not bilingual. One of the perspectives she takes on in her piece clearly expresses the relationship between language and identity and how it creates a conflict between her and the world.

“I hate your Arabic!” I snarled in my broken English. My mother stared at me in confusion while I seethed about my heritage internally. For whatever reason, this toxic state of mind stuck with me through my elementary-school years. I promised myself that I would strive to become like everyone else and slowly began to erase my Lebanese culture from my mannerisms.

This paper will discuss on the language used widely by Ali G. After reading and watching his video, it is quite apparent that he always used the Jamaican Creole to communicate with people. Basically, the section below will cover the phonological, lexical and grammatical analysis of Ali G speech on the basis of his video. Sebba (2007) mentioned that

In late 2003, when I was ten years old, my family and I moved back to Damascus, Syria. I postponed my education in public elementary schools where everything was taught in Arabic. This rough transition presented me with numerous cultural and educational challenges. I had to adapt to the educational system in Syria and improve my Arabic skills to master its dense curriculum. I struggled during my first year but managed to catch up, topping my class. My earlier experience in the United States equipped me with the ability to draw comparisons between the American and the

One of the very interesting parts of being bilingual is that bilingual speakers are able to switch between languages without much effort. It all appears to come to them in a very natural way. Unfortunately, it isn't all so simple as it appears. Experiments have shown that switching between two or more languages comes at a cost. The cost is involved in speech comprehension ( Thomas & Allport 2000 ) and also in speech production, as observed in the study of Finkbeiner, Almeida, Janssen & Caramaza ( 2006 ).

Adults who are bilingual seem to have an advantage over monolingual adults. In the professional aspect, they are ahead of those who only speak one language. People normally associate being bilingual with a number of positive aspects in the adult life. However, the process of becoming bilingual can have a negative impact on the early development of a child. Do children who are raised in bilingual environments have a disadvantage over those who are monolingual? To answer this question, there needs to be an examination of the differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. Children

The syllable and grammar for the second era are subject to be studied in commensuration with the phonology of the Arabic language in a multi-linguistic scenario of community. This is due to the fact that most of the communications at the regional level are oral by nature. Thus, the features of grammar and syllable cannot be ignored. It has been identified by Kahn (1976) that a mere hypothetical word “atkin” is not used and identified in English but without a syllable. The arrangements of the letters neither assumed later and former use of letters. But, there is a central place exists in few words; such as, “Caltex”. Because of this, such types of words are not found easily in the English literature because of the placement and arrangements of the letters in the word. The next matter of consideration is the segmental phonology rules; assimilation, length, neutralization, affrication, use of consonant and vowels. These rules are considered in alignment with the syllables of the word. A Syllable can use the segmental phonology rules; thus, the element of pharyngealization is observed rather than the use of other rules and practices. Moreover, the elements of rules are determined through the use of various functions; hence, there is obstruent exist in English which are the factors talk about the placement of the letter or the word. Lastly, the element of oral use and breaks of words is assumed as the innate centrifugal phenomenon of Arabic language in

In many communities where people use two varieties or more of the same language in various situations, comes a phenomenon that called diglossia. The aim of this research paper is to talk about diglossia in Arab countries. First to start with the term diglossia; it was presented into the English language at first by Charles Ferguson; he first used this term in one of his articles he wrote in 1959. According to Ferguson diglossia is “one particular kind of standardization where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community and each one is used for different purposes, one is more standard variety that called the high variety or (H) which is used for example in educational institutions like lectures at universities. The other one is called the low variety or (L) which is used in manly social interactions.

The objective of this report is to give a concise study regarding the Arab minority in Israel. It will trace some significant issues that have impacted the overall linguistic reality, nevertheless the marginalization of Arabs in that small but complex country. It will track the language policy adopted in that country, the educational, political,practical,social,ideological reasons that have lead to the Arabic status in Israel. Spolsky and shohamy(1999a:41)suggest an obvious difference among three things, language practices language ideology and language policy.

The goal of the research paper is to investigate the degree to which age has an effect on Second Language (L2) speech learning, particularly child-adult differences in L2 phonology acquisition and cross-cultural language similarity.The article has been divided into two parts. In the first section, the article explores two models of teaching and learning, namely, the Critical Period (CP) and Interaction Hypothesis (IH). After assessing both models validities, the researchers adopt the Interactive Hypothesis method to test their hypothesis.

1). Despite the dictionary definition, the definition of bilingualism was identified as ambiguous and lacked an operational definition (Baker, 2001; Cummins, 1976; Macnamara, 1967). Consequently, defining who is or is not bilingual remained disputable between linguists and researchers. However, several hypotheses were proposed.

My passion to learning Arabic started by my father’s decision to put me through an education system where both English and Arabic alphabets are taught. At first I would not agree with his decision since Gambia is an Anglophone country, and therefore there is going to be very minimal opportunity with a degree in foreign language beside English which is the official language. My father told me in our native Mandinka something I will never forget “Ousman ETEH DOYAA BAATALLEH, EMANG DUNIYA LONG FOLLO, BARI EBA ARAB KARANGHO NAFA JEHLALLEH NYATO” (Ousman you are very young, you have no idea about the world yet, but you will see the importance of Arabic education in the future.”

“one cannot get by without English in urban centres, whether at the supermarket, the movie theatre, or in shopping malls... nurseries are immersing children in English to give them a head start and middle and upper class Arab parents are proud to showcase their offspring’s communication skills in English.” (Badry, 2011, p.91)