Factors Contributing With The Bone Remodeling Mechanism Essay

It is a mineralized connective tissue formed by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts deposit a matrix of collagen and also release calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions that chemically combine within the collagenous matrix into a crystalline mineral, known as bone mineral, in the form of HA. Therefore, bone tissue is a natural composite consisting of a collagenous matrix and a mineral phase. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic materials with the same hybrid structure that combine the strength, stiffness and osteoconductivity of an inorganic component with the flexibility, toughness and resorbability of an organic phase.[13,14] As such, in recent years, researchers have concentrated on developing the polymer/ceramic nanocomposites, which have the advantages of both polymers (structural stability, strength, biocompatibility and desired shape) and ceramics, and are more similar to natural

Bone is surrounded by a thin membranous layer of soft tissue called periosteum (Singh, 2017). When the bone breaks it bleeds from torn ends because of the disruption of the supplying blood vessels. And quite naturally the periosteum is also torn. A fracture hematoma forms and white blood cells march in to clean up the area that is injured. The periosteum is the primary source of osteoblasts, which plays a huge role in fracture healing (Singh, 2017). After the hematoma formation, the next step is callous formation with the formation of cartilage and bone and then the remodeling phase consisting of the osteoclasts and the osteoblasts reshaping the bone to its original state (Patton, 2012).

Bones are strong, but they can only withstand so much pressure. When we are young, there is a certain degree of "flexibility" to the bones. As we age, our bones become denser and do not give. When we continue to age, the bones may become more porous and lose their density, which makes them more susceptible to breaks.

Bones are dynamic tissues that undergo a constant cycle of fracturing, resorbing, and remodeling. Bone mass is reflected by the coupled balance of osteoblasts, which produce bone matrix proteins and osteoclasts, which degrade bone (Miyamoto, 2003). This opposite and complementary activity between these two lineages of cells maintains the homeostasis of bone resorption and formation during bone remodeling. Dysregulation of this process is a major mechanism in the pathogenesis of many human skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and osteochondroma (Edwards, 2012).

The Haversian systems in the bone lay down what the bone is going to be able to take.( The Biomechanics of Bone Tissue)

Osteoporosis is a health problem which is on the rise and is affecting primarily women (Nichols, Pavlovic, 2003, p. 447). Osteoporosis is characterized as a disease of the bones whereas the bones becomes weak and very fragile. Many people with this disease often break bones within the hip, spine, and wrist. The bones are easily broken from a minor fall or, in severe cases, from a simple sneeze. The meaning of osteoporosis is “porous bone.” When looking at a healthy bone under a microscope, you will find the resemblance of a honeycomb. Far as osteoporosis, those holes and spaces in a honeycomb are much larger than a healthy bone (National Osteoporosis Foundation).

Two hundred and six individual bones compose the adult human skeleton. In addition to providing structure and protection for our most vital organs, bones store minerals and aid in blood cell production. They are considered to be just as much a vital organ as the heart or liver. Under normal circumstances, throughout a person’s life as older bone is broken broken down it is immediately rebuilt and replaced but when there is an imbalance in this delicate cycle the bones integrity becomes compromised. Osteoporosis, meaning porous bone, is a disease that occurs when an individual loses too much bone mass, makes to little or a combination of both. This imbalance leaves the bones weak and brittle putting an individual at risk for break or

Dr. Stewart has also begun studies to use the adhesive in other areas of medicine. When we shatter a bone, Doctors use mechanical connectors like metal screws, pins, and nails for support until the bone can bear weight. But it is very challenging to achieve and maintain alignments of small bones fragments. For precise reconstruction of small bones, health officials have acknowledged that a biocompatible, biodegradable adhesive could be valuable because it would reduce metal hardware in the body while maintaining proper alignment of

down, so bone mass increases and bones strengthen. In older people, however, this balance is

There are 206 bones in the human body. Broken and fractured bones are one of the most common injuries, about 6 million people in the US will break a bone each year. And out of these 300,000 people will have a serious injury that will require different methods to heal. There are a variety ways of bone tissue repairing but most of them are not long term and can cause other complications. There are different stages for bone repair. The first step is the formation of hematoma at the break, then the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus, the third step is the formation of a bony callus, and finally remodeling and addition of compact bone. In the early stages, a hematoma develops within the fracture location during the first few hours and days.

The trabecular bone is a form of osseous tissue that is found in the proximal and distal ends of long bones, along with the bones of the skull, pelvis, ribs and the vertebral bodies. The trabecular bone undergoes remodeling every two to eight months in order to accommodate the load of physiological stress and mechanical forces on the bone (Huiskes et al. 2000). Bone remodeling is the reshaping or replacement of bone during growth and following injuries such as fractures, but it also occurs in cases of micro-damage (Kini and Nandeesh, 2012). This supports Wolff’s Law, which states if loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel over time to strengthen itself to resist that type of loading (Frost, 1994) The use of trabecular

After that, fracture callus will undergo the process of bone subtitution, followed with endochondral ossification, resulting in production of lamellar bone. Final remodelling of the bone is completed by deposition of compact bone by osteoblasts in resorption pits prepared by the osteoclasts (Gaston and Simpson, 2007). This natural osteonal healing would be done well if and only if these four prerequisites are active.

Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of body. It is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. It is also serves as a storage area for calcium, playing a large role in calcium balance in blood. The main function of bone is they support and protect various of organs in body, stores blood cell and store minerals. Bone can be categorized as a fragile part in body. The replacement and repair of bone due to accident, cancer or bone defect is a major clinical challenge which can be countered by bone grafting. Bone grafting or transplantation with artificial bone material is the solution for the problem [1].

Bones are dynamic and are made up of proteins and minerals. A major protein in the bone is collagen. Minerals include, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. The combination of these proteins and minerals is what gives bones strength and the capability to endure stress, which serves as protection against potential breaks or tears in the bone. Calcium is stored in bones and is what gives strength to bones. Although a majority of the calcium is stored in the bones, there is still a slight amount traveling in the blood. Throughout lifetime, bones are continually being resorbed and formed, meaning that minerals are continually being resorbed into the bloodstream, and minerals, particularly calcium, are being renewed into the bone. (Hinkle & Cheever,

The prevalence of bone diseases and bone-related injuries on a global scale cannot be denied. Osteoporosis, one of the most common types of bone diseases, was quantified to cause 8.9 million fractures annually on a global scale. One out of five men and one out of three women over fifty years old are prone to encounter bone-related injuries, specifically osteoporotic