Factors Hindering Financial Inclusion in Uganda: A Case Study of Kamuli District

In Africa for example, savings rates of around 17% of GDP compare to 31% on average for middle income countries. Low savings rates and poorly developed or malfunctioning financial markets make it more expensive for African public and private sectors to get funds for investment as higher borrowing costs impede capital investment. Moreover, in

There are various categories of banking; these include retail banking, directly dealing with small businesses and persons. Commercial and Corporate banking which offers services to medium and large businesses (Koch & MacDonald 2010). Private banking, deals with individuals, offering them one on one service. The last category is investment banking. These help clients to raise capital and often invest in financial markets. Most global banking institutions provide all these services combined. With all these institutions in existence within the same localities and offering similar services, there is a need to regulate the industry so as to protect the consumer and provide fair working environment for all banks (Du & Girma, 2011).

9. How do the primary risks of credit unions differ from banks? From savings institutions (SIs)? From finance companies?

The Financial Sector: The formal budgetary division comprises of six saves money with temporary licenses, and nine authorized cash exchange firms. The division is little and promising while there is allegedly expansive casual part. The national bank of Somalia (CBS) confronts challenges in building monetary division supervision because of specialized and human asset imperatives. The economy has restricted money, especially in lower groups. Somali banknotes are not promptly accessible, making issues for the poorest nationals.

Anderson (2002) while highlighting the characteristics of MFIs, noted that the traditional sources of finance of MSBs are from family and friends and the informal market which consists of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCA), various “club” system pooling members’ savings for loans, village banks, buyers’ advances (both in cash and in kind) and money lenders. He however noted that they may have some access to semi-formal microfinance institutions (legally organised financial intermediaries that are not regulated by monetary authorities) such as non-profit NGOs, large village banks, suppliers who provide credit and money brokers.

269). There is no easy way for those with little money to begin earning interest on savings or obtain loans with reasonable interest rates: the banking community is failing the poorest people (Banerjee & Duflo, 2012, p. 269). Also, Banerjee and Duflo (2012) assert that medical and agricultural insurance are not favored by the poor in spite of the fact that they could benefit greatly from such products (269). Their proposed solutions come in the form of microcredit (to provide access to more reasonable loans), electronic money transfer systems (to reduce the fixed costs of saving), and rewarding people for making good financial decisions (either via markets or the government if needed) (Banerjee & Duflo, 2012, p. 270). The incentives could even be something unrelated, such as bed nets, which then help the recipients in more than one way (Banerjee & Duflo, 2012, p. 270). This would need to be coupled with government regulation so that unscrupulous individuals wouldn’t have a way to easily game the system (Banerjee & Duflo, 2012, p. 270).

This statement clearly explains the essence of microfinance and its importance in the modern economy. Microfinance is a source of financial services and resources to the small entrepreneurs, villagers and less privileged section of the society. In December 2007, Forbes has brought out a special magazine on microfinance and has described microfinance as the next buzzword.

A study of a sub-location of South Nyanza district in Western Kenya found that only 3% of the 896 titles had been used to secure loans, seven years after completion of the formalisation exercise in the sub-location. Another study of a pilot registration scheme in Uganda’s Rukungiri district found that, out of 228 households surveyed, only 15 had acquired loans in the previous five years, over 80% of those from sources other than commercial banks Musembi (2009 p.

Tanzania’s notable economic expansion in recent years has been facilitated by open market policies related to global commerce. The financial sector and the investment framework are relatively well developed for the region. However, these strengths are offset by weak socioeconomic indicators, structurally large current account and budgetdeficits, and rising debt levels.

List of abbreviations List of tables Acknowledgements Abstract 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction Problem statement Objectives and hypothesis of the study Literature review Structure and performance of the financial sector in

Many countries in the world have a concerning percentage of poverty in which both food and financial sources are disturbingly limited. Most of the world’s poor have suffered from the deficits of using financial services. Because of a bad credit history or a lack of proof of employment, financial services are most often not accessible for the low income client market. In the western and developing countries, people are being eliminated by the traditional financial system based on the deficiency of guarantees of unaffordable costs to process the loan application, and the lack of data related to their credit history. These factors sometimes lead to borrowing illegally, and neglecting the regulation of lending.

The liquidity measure will give any indication whether the commercial banks are operating at higher level of

A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Accounting and Finance

Furthermore, banks act as a conduit for the transmission of monetary policy. They provide a veritable platform when it comes to the implementation of monetary, credit, foreign exchange, and other financial sector policies of the government. Among other things, monetary policy is designed to influence the cost and availability of loanable funds with a view to promoting non-inflationary growth. The instruments available to the Central Bank to achieve this include open market operations (OMO), the cash reserve ratio (CRR), liquidity ratio (LR) and of course, moral suasion. The capacity of the banking industry to perform these functions effectively is, to a large extent, determined by the financial health of the individual institutions themselves and soundness and viability of the industry as a whole. For instance, where the majority of banks are adjudged to be weak and unhealthy, that will impair the ability of the industry to lubricate economic growth and vice versa. Against this background, the objective of this presentation is to examine the extent to which the banking industry has helped to stimulate economic activities in Nigeria and what the prognosis looks like in the post-consolidation era, come January 2006.

This term paper analyses the commercial banking system in Kenya. In particular it focuses on the history of commercial banks from a general perspective then narrows down to Kenya’s context. It looks at the importance of commercial banks in Kenya, the roles/functions of commercial banks. It then focuses on the regulations that govern the commercial banks.