Factors That Affect A Living Organism

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of reaction without being used up during the reaction, which take place in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy. The activation energy is the energy needed to start the reaction.

Enzymes are specific-type proteins that act as a catalyst by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Each enzyme binds closely to the substrate; this greatly increases the reaction rate of the bounded substrate. Amylase enzyme, just like any other enzyme, has an optimum PH and temperature range in which it is most active, and in which the substrate binds most easily.

The motive of this lab is to attain a better understanding of enzyme activity by timing chemical reactions in certain temperatures and pH levels. Enzymes act as catalysts that help speed up reactions. Without these enzymes chemical reactions in metabolism would be backed up. There are two factors that affect an enzyme’s reaction rate: temperature and pH levels. In this label we will be testing different pH levels and temperatures to see which ones cause the most reactions.

Living cells within our bodies perform an abundance of chemical reactions very speedily because of the participation of enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction without being depleted or altered in the reaction (Garrette & Grisham, 1999). The

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for reactions. This simply means that enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to take place, allowing a particular reaction to take place much quicker and easier. Specific enzymes only lower the activation energy for specific reactions, and enzymes are shape-specific. The unique folds of the amino

Cells are the building blocks of life. Life itself would not be possible without cells and the actions they carry out. Hundreds of biological and chemical reactions take place in the cell every second. Most of the reactions in a cell use enzymes to speed up the reaction. An enzyme is a protein catalyst used by living organisms to increase the rate of biological reactions (Freeman et. al. 2016, p90). A catalyst brings substrates together in a precise orientation that makes reactions more likely. Enzymes have an “active site,” which is where the reactants bind to the enzyme. The active site is where catalysis occurs. The reactants of the enzyme are called the substrates. Enzymes are extremely effective at catalyzing reactions because

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

Background: Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy. When an enzyme binds to a specific substrate, an enzyme substrate complex is formed, allowing for the reaction to take place over less time. Since the enzyme is recyclable, the reaction produces a product and the unaltered enzyme. Catalase is the enzyme used specifically for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the amount of substrate used can be determined by measuring the amount of product formed in the reaction. If the amount of product formed over time is graphed, the graph will prove the rate of reaction to decrease over time as the availability for a substrate and enzyme to bind decreases. The initial velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is constant because the number of substrate molecules at the beginning of a reaction is typically vastly greater than the number of enzymes, causing the rate to be determined by the characteristics of the enzyme. When the substrate concentration decreases to a certain point, when enzymes and substrates do not easily collided in the specific manner to form the enzyme-substrate complex, the rate of reaction will decrease.

A spectrophotometer is an instrument which measures the amount of light of a specified wavelength which passes through a medium. This instrument is usually used for the measurement of reflectance of solutions. Light is separate into different wavelengths and is being passed through the sample solution. The sample solution will have its own wavelength and will absorb a certain amount of light. The higher the molecular concentration, the higher the absorbance value.

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

An enzyme is a catalyst. Catalysts are known for speeding up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy of the biochemical reaction. (Reece et al., 2011)

generally act as a catalase that initially bring about a chemical reaction.” Enzymes play an

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.

Enzymes, proteins that act as catalysts, are the most important type of protein[1]. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions and can go without being used up or changed [3] Without enzymes, the biochemical reactions that take place will react too slowly to keep up with the metabolic needs and the life functions of organisms. Catecholase is a reaction between oxygen and catechol [2]. In the presence of oxygen, the removal of two hydrogen atoms oxidizes the compound catechol, as a result of the formation of water [2]. Oxygen is reduced by the addition of two hydrogen atoms, which also forms water, after catechol is