Factors That Affect The Thermal Properties Of The Engine

In 2002 a joint project between International Navistar and the Ford Motor Company was born. “The goal of this project was to create an engine that was fuel efficient, emission compliant and would be able to outperform all of the competition” (Banks Power). With over 2 million ford super duty’s equipped with the 7.3l Powerstroke engine on the road, the new engine would have big shoes to fill. The engine that was to replace the outdated, underpowered and overall inadequate 7.3l Powerstroke was the International Navistar 6.0l turbo diesel.

In internal combustion engines, the availability input (Ain) which is contained in the chemical availability of fuel is converted into shaft availability or useful work (As), availability transferred to the cooling water (Aw), availability transferred to the exhaust gases (Ae) and uncounted availability destruction (Ad) due to radiation friction, heat transfer to the surrounding, etc.Perturbation techniques [Moffat (1982), Bora et al. (2014)] are used for carrying out uncertainty analysis for various parameters of engine performance. The relative errors of the independent parameters which are obtained from the manual of the equipment and a few are estimated. Some of these are engine speed (0.5%), engine load (0.5%), liquid fuel flow rate (1%), biogas flow rate (2%), lower heating value (LHV) of liquid fuel (1%), LHV of gaseous fuel (1%), height of the liquid column (0.5%), emissions (3%), etc. Based on these, the uncertainty for air fuel ratio, air flow rate, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) were found to be ±1%, , ±0.5%, ±1.5% and ±1.5% in diesel mode and

Throughout modern times we have witnessed many advancements in technology. These advancements are results of research and data collected about our world and society, helping us to better understand the most efficient ways we can work. With this increased knowledge, we have become more aware of the footprint humans leave on the environment. In an effort to better our environment, with this knowledge we have become a more environmentally conscious world. One major advancement we have seen in environmentally friendly technology includes the electric vehicle. Electric and hybrid electric vehicles have brought about many advantages and impacts including: decreased emissions, minimal gas usage, and increased safety.

As technology advances in society, so do the fields of study that utilize these updated forms of technology. Mechanical engineers have improved automobile engines based on these technologic advances. Currently, the areas where engineers are focused include enhancing the transmissions, improving batteries by changing their chemistries, decreasing the load of automobiles, and creating hybrids. With improvement to these areas, the automobile engines are able to function more efficiently while simultaneously decreasing their environmental impact.

Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a tremendous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer.

Environmental concerns have been raised from time to time because of the dependency on the gasoline-fueled engine as the chief auto powertrain technology. This has resulted in exposing many automobile users to unpredictable prices of fuel. These issues were, however, the reason for

Electric cars are becoming very popular in today’s world and are becoming more main stream. One reason for this is the need for automobiles that have a lower or a zero carbon footprint. For the majority of the history of the automobile, the propulsion system was a gas or a diesel engine that would run off of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels is very hazardous to our world and also creates much toxic pollution. However, electric cars run off of electricity, which is a very clean and pollution free resource, depending on how the electricity was produced of course. In this paper we are going to examine the history of electric cars, look into modern electric car technology, and peer into the future of electric car technology to see if EVs might be the answer to dramatically reducing our global pollution.

In the automotive world, efficiency and power are two elements of vehicle performance metrics that while important to many consumers and critics alike, appear to be elusive when in convolution with one another. In automotive history, good fuel efficiency equaled compromises in power and performance and vehicles with large displacements and torque usually had worse gas mileage. The exception to this rule were diesel engines, which managed to combine better efficiency than many four-cylinder gas engines while providing very high torque number for better performance. The main drawback that diesel’s faced was due to their stigma of being dirty, as they emitted more greenhouse gases including nitrous and sulfur oxides. Coupled with the stricter emissions that many states began to implement, primarily overseen by the EPA, it became harder for car manufactures to certify diesel engines for emissions while maintaining high fuel economy and power output figures. The emission control hardware and software in diesel vehicles also came at a high price and with increased complexity, both unwelcoming additions for any car company wanting to mainstream diesel’s.

The automobile industry is constantly being revolutionized through new technology resulting in a fuel concept for consumer vehicles. Although these new alternative fuels are a break-through for the automobile industry, where do they stand in comparison to our conventional vehicles? This paper will address this issue by asking: What are the environmental and economic benefits and disadvantages of alternative-fueled cars compared to conventional cars?

Society is driven by the thought of improving every existing invention to make it bigger, smaller, more cost effective, or simply better. The internal combustion engine has been used in transportation for everyone who lives in a civilized area; whether it is a motorcycle, car, bus, airplane, etc. The most important advances in technology for these engines involve efficiency. Gas mileage, performance, and displacement are key concerns for all engineers of internal combustion engines. With the invention of the turbocharger all of these factors can be improved. The inventor, progression, impact, and current adaptation of the turbocharger are very important in understanding this engineering innovation.

Because many great innovations are being employed in the engine design such as: direct air intake, sequential variable compression ratio, super mixing process, constant volume combustion, controllable combustion time, high working temperature of the burner, high expansion ratio and self adapting sealing system etc., the thermal efficiency of the engine could be potentially as high as 65 %, even more if water add-in technology is to be

New energy was, is and will be a major focus of the automobile industry. As the increased growth of sales in vehicles. It is a wise decision taken by many to be concentrating on vehicles not only run on fuel, but give more of a concentration towards vehicles run on alternatives such as electric, solar or any other type of technology which will come our way based on the advancements in technology.

Combustion generаtes а greаt deаl of heаt, аnd some of this trаnsfers to the wаlls of the engine. Fаilure will occur if the body of the engine is аllowed to reаch too high а temperаture; either the engine will physicаlly fаil, or аny lubricаnts used will degrаde to the point thаt they no longer protect the engine. The lubricаnts must be cleаn аs dirty lubricаnts mаy leаd to over formаtion of sludge in the engines.

Introduction Increasing carbon emissions are becoming a large problem when considering global warming. The high energy intensity transportation sector contributes substantially to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and primary energy consumption, with emissions and energy use steadily increasing as the population grows (IEA 2013; Pollet et al. 2012; World Energy Council 2007). More than half of these vehicles are personal vehicles (EPA 2014; Li & Shimamoto 2011) with a substantial percentage (> 90%) of transport energy coming from fossil fuels, which is inherently coupled with GHG emissions and air pollutants (Avci et al. 2015; Ribeiro et al. 2007). Environmental damage, stricter emissions regulations and depleting oil resources causing economic issues have all motivated research on energy transition away from fossil fuels seeing many automotive manufacturers adopting new technologies (Chiara & Canova 2013; Dings, T&E 2011; US EPA 2013). Therefore, a revolution in the automotive and fuel industries will prevail in years to come. It is essential to alter society’s current reliance on fossil fuel based transportation to decrease the large carbon footprint of the transportation sector, therefore the development of alternative sustainable fuels is imperative not only for the protection of the environment, but for the maintenance of energy security. Environmental and economic issues can be addressed by substituting current fossil fuel based transportation with low-carbon,

In the early days of the automobile the steam engine was first fitted to a three wheeled vehicle, this was quickly replaced by the internal combustion engine, for in my opinion the practical reason of carrying fuel was easier in a liquid form rather than in the form of coal, wood and water. But ever since that day and especially ever since the 1960 's when laws were enacted for safety and for the environment automakers have been working to make the internal combustion engine work better and cleaner. This has brought us engines like the Flex Fuel engine. This is an engine that can run on gasoline but can also run on a high ethanol containing fuel. The issue with ethanol is that it produced a lot of octane, but not a lot of mileage, but because it is made from bio mass it is a greener form of fuel. Another way they have tried to make the engine better is through on demand cylinders. This is where a vehicle might have a v8 engine, but only uses those