Assignment 2: Formative And Summative Analysis

Shepard, L. A. (2006, Creating coherent formative and summative assessment practices. Orbit, 36, 41-44. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/213738810?accountid=8194

Assessing the children understanding is considered to be a good indicator of their learning and development process (Reys et al., 2012). Stiggins (2002) discussed the difference between the children’s assessment for learning and assessment of learning. Teachers need to be familiar with both. Assessment for learning (or as we call it the formative assessment) helps the students to learn more about different concepts and increase the opportunity to develop various skills. On the other side, assessment of learning (summative assessment) is to give the teacher an evidence of students’ achievements for purposes of accountability and reporting. For example, assessment for learning can include the teacher’s observations, in-class assignments,

Formal program evaluation began in the nineteen sixty’s. There were many different methods used before the final decision. The Charity Model was used and decisions were based on sincerity and enthusiasm of participants in the program. If the participants were excited the program would be considered a success and the funding would continue. The Pork Barrel method was also used which relied on power and leverage of constituency. With

Financial contributors want to ensure that the funds being contributed into the program are supporting learning. Faculty want to know that the content they are teaching is being learned by the students. Is the content being taught valid and can be measured? It can be found in Banta, Trudy, Jones, & Black’s work (as cited in Dolinsky, Matthews, Greenfield, Curtis-Tweed, and Evenbeck 2007, p. 11) “note, university communities that prefer evidence-based statements and actions typically utilize assessment results as a key source of information for making decisions to allocate new revenue streams or reallocate existing ones. When financial support is provided to make informed, targeted changes based on assessment results, it becomes evident that an institutional culture is embracing assessment and making enhancements that serve students.”

I enjoyed reading your post. As we have learned during this discussion board through our classmates, there are a plethora of different ways that can be used to evaluate programs. You gave numerous examples as to why program evaluations are important in early childhood education and why they are conducted in the first place. Another reason that program evaluations are conducted are to see if the program is working (Gilliam & Leiter, 2003). For instance, the Head Start Program at my school constantly makes changes to their program due to their yearly evaluation. If they see that something is not working, the head of the program tries to come up with different ways to change what is not working to try and make the program better for the students.

The program evaluation begins with the program design to assess overall effectiveness and efficiency of implementation of the program (Calley, 2011). To illustrate the program evaluation, a theoretical framework has been developed using Calley’s Comprehensive Program Development Model’s for the proposed program, using the three major evaluations: fidelity assessment, process evaluation, outcomes evaluation.

E/M coding is the process that physicians, use to translate the patients visit into a five

After reading chapter 11 of our textbook, there were three important topics that stood out to me. The first topic that I thought was interesting was the purposes of assessments. According to Carjuzaa and Kellough, the purposes of assessments are for assisting student learning, identify students’ strengths and weaknesses, assess the effectiveness of a particular instruction strategy, assess and improve the effectiveness of curriculum programs, assess and improve teaching effectiveness, to provide data in order to communicate with parents and guardians and to involve them in their children’s learning, and to provide data that assist in decision making about a student’s future (Carjuzaa & Kellough, 2017, pg. 337-338). Assessing to identify strengths

Thank you for your sharing your assessment of formative and summative evaluation methodologies. I agree with you assessment that both forms of evaluation add tremendous value to a program (Staten, 2015), as well as the organization for which the program evaluation is being conducted. You made a wonderful observation regarding the nature of formative evaluation and the methods of communication which may be used. As you pointed out, formative evaluation may be communicated simply be sending periodic emails (Staten, 2015). Often evaluators may feel that elaborate mechanisms of formative presentations must be made in order to add value, and yet quick methods of communication like email, allow for immediate access to the information

Choosing an evaluation depends, to a great extent, on the program being presented to stakeholders, clients or other individuals; the program must encompass different aspects that would directly affect the plan’s efficiency, effectiveness, cost and overall purpose.

The three key components of evaluation and management are history, physical exam, and medical decision-making. History is broke down into four blocks chief complaint, history of present illness, review of systems, and past medical, family, and social history. There are four levels of history problem focused, expanded problem focused, detailed, and comprehensive. Physical exam included the body and the organ system which is broke down into four blocks problem focused, expanded problem focused, detailed, and comprehensive. Medical decision making is the decision making that improves the patients’ health includes four blocks straightforward, low complexity, moderate complexity, and high complexity. New patient has to meet 3 out of 3 key components

To determine the effectiveness of the evaluation process provided for the volunteers in their pledge to help provide care for the victims of domestic violence, sexual assault or abuse it could be determined by feedback and performance evaluations. The evaluation is evident in the victims that continue to show comfort and confidence in the Pee Dee Coalition. The victims entrust the volunteers with aiding them in getting through the process of what they have endured and through their feedback we will be able to effectively determine the impact of the plan within the selection and evaluation process. Through evaluation and positive or constructive feedback from staff and victims that we would be able to determine how effective the plan is and

The four standards of evaluation, developed by the CDC: utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy may be identified in specific portions of a project that I participated in (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). The standard of evaluation, utility, may have been identified when attempting to narrow the focus of a project that I participated in. This standard of evaluation was important during this portion of the project because it affected the selection of stakeholders, overall interventions and implementation process, and the final outcome of the project. Feasibility was apparent throughout the entire project; because the projects state of development, intensity and measurements had to be continuously monitored. The standards of evaluation, propriety and accuracy, was clearly apparent or utilized during the planning portion of the project. This standard of evaluation was important during this process of the project because it helped prevent any unintended conflicts or research issues.

Evaluation theory is a broad term, there are many different theories and models to follow in an evaluation. An evaluator can pick any when doing an evaluation, however each as a ground framework they start with. That starting theory can show up when they first begin an evaluation. However the evaluation determines the theory used to best address the problem or program being evaluated. I interviewed an evaluator, Person A, who explained that every evaluation and assessment is unique, so her approach was holistic to try to see every necessary variable and she used mix and match theories she knew to best address the current issues, sometimes changing models when necessary. For the start of planning an evaluation, one should choose a

Formative evaluation consist of monitoring and assessing as a changes are taking place, Summative evaluation consist of a synopsis given at the end