Facts About Antibiotic Resistance

Modern-day advances have allowed scientists to develop methods to control pathogens. The more common methods include the use of antiseptics, antibiotics, and vaccines. By definition, antiseptics are chemicals used to kill pathogens. A few widespread antiseptics include soap, vinegar, and rubbing alcohol. Antiseptics are primarily used for the external destruction of pathogens, while antibiotics and vaccines target internal pathogens. Nevertheless, there are and can be difficulties concerning the use of antibiotics. “As antibiotic use has become more common, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have evolved.” This resistance due to evolution is called antibiotic resistance. It results in the antibiotics having no effect whatsoever on the bacteria, rendering the antibiotics useless. When antibiotic resistance occurs, scientists must resume their search to create a new medicine to can kill the mutant bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance is when microorganisms, such as bacteria, are able to survive an exposure to antibiotics and these bacteria are now resistant to the effects of these antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been an issue since antibiotics were discovered. The fact that bacteria can become resistant to our medical treatments such as antibiotics is a natural evolutionary process, but there are certain human contributions that definitely speed up the process. For example, one of the main contributions that will be discussed is the problem of over prescription of the antibiotic drugs. The

The use of the healthcare system as a whole is largely determined by the cost incurred by the patient, as well as insurance companies within the healthcare system. As for combating the growth of antibiotic resistance, it might be beneficial to increase the cost of antibiotics so that they are used only when clinically appropriate. This, however, would lead to a decrease in access to patients who might actually need these forms of treatment and who are unable to afford them. Additionally, increasing the cost of treatment options may cause there to be a delay or abandonment of therapy. While neither of these options may be ideal to patients, and even the healthcare system as a whole, the consideration of their use may aid in lowering the prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the largest threats to the health of people today around the world. It renders normal antibiotics almost useless in curing some illnesses, leaving people with no form of treatment. This resistance develops through a process similar to natural selection. In this way Charles Darwin’s famous Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection can be seen as a form of evidence for antibiotic resistance occurring. Currently, there are studies taking place into stopping antibiotic resistance once it has occurred. As well as research into other forms of medicine instead of using antibiotics. Awareness is also being raised about ways to prevent antibiotic resistance from occurring in the first place. These three main

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria changes and reduces the effectiveness of an antibiotic. Using the wrong antibiotic for disease-causing bacteria can end in an overuse of that antibiotic and promotes antibiotic-resistance. Information gathered by the Bash the Bug Project can be used to find the correct antibiotic to fight certain disease-causing bacteria. Therefore, limiting bacteria’s opportunity to develop antibiotic-resistance. This is important to the general public because antibiotic-resistant bacterium is more difficult to kill, requires a more expensive treatment, and is given more of an opportunity to spread. While antibiotic resistance cannot be completely stopped, prescribing the correct antibiotic can greatly slow the spread of antibiotic resistance infections. The Bash the Bug project will then allow more time for newer drugs that can fight antibiotic resistant bacteria that are already in

The root of this problem lies in what Charles Darwin called the “survival of the fittest” in which organisms eventually adapt and evolve in response to their environment and its impending threats in order to survive. Bacteria is now doing this in response to antibiotics, which are purposed to kill bacteria so as to eliminate infections and diseases. However, now more and more bacteria are evolving to form antibiotic-resistant strains that there are no or very expensive antibiotics or treatments for yet, even if they were once easily treated diseases. Often this is a result of overuse or improper use of antibiotics by both medical professionals and patients. Overuse, such as attempting to use antibiotics for infections that do not warrant them, such as the common cold, allows existing bacteria to devise mechanisms such as “neutralizing” antibiotics, removing antibiotics, adapting their structure so as to become impenetrable to the antibiotics, or improving upon their genetics. Improper use of bacteria, such as beginning an antibiotic, but failing to use it to completion, also allows bacteria to do the

Antibiotic resistance has evolved as a result of the interactions between bacteria and antibiotic after an antibiotic exposure. Bacterial species are capable of adapting to new antibiotic as simply as they adapt to new environments due to their amazing genomic plasticity. This in turn results antibiotic resistance to be very dynamic and unpredictable. “Every year, almost 100,000 Americans die from antibiotic-resistant infections acquired from hospitals, largely because of the reduced effectiveness of existing drugs, due to the development and propagation of drug resistance

Humans have come to rely on antibiotics for almost every illness known to man. The use of antibiotics has saved thousands of lives. However, our reliance upon antibiotics may have to come to an end because, the bacteria that we use antibiotics on have begun to evolve. This is not a mere epidemic. These are not just localized cases. This is a prevalent change all throughout the world. I can only picture two ways to overcome this attack. One way is the reduction of antibiotic use. The other method is that we need to create new and improved antibiotics to surpass the evolved bacteria. Marcelino Campos believes that, antibiotic resistance is a serious issue in which our medical systems need to find a solution (1). Understanding why antibiotic resistance

Regular low doses of antibiotics that aren’t strong enough to destroy or kill bacteria provides a suitable environment for bacteria to develop mechanism of survival or to become resistant. The bacteria acquires ways to fight off antibiotics through hindering antibiotics from reaching their target cells .For example changing the permeability of cell walls or distorting the structure of cells or completely replacing them . So, in brief antibiotic resistance happens whenever an antibiotic losses its ability to effectively kill or control the growth of bacteria.

Antibiotics are chemicals that are used for inhibiting or destroying bacteria. The role of antibiotics is to target microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and parasites without inhibiting the host but are ineffective against viruses. There are two types of antibiotics, broad-spectrum which react against a variety of bacteria, including non-pathogenic forms and narrow-spectrum antibiotics which only reacts against one or two types of bacteria. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin which is the first antibiotic, in 1928, it originates from the fungus Penicillium, which has the ability to destroy staphylococcus colonies, by breaking down the cell wall by disrupting growth, other antibiotics work by disrupting protein synthesis or destroying cell membrane. It was later proved by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain in 1939 that penicillin was effective in the treatment of infectious disease, and began methods for mass production.

Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of microbes to recalcitrant the outcome of drugs – that is, the germs are not destroy, and their advancement is not shut. Although some people are at better chance than others, no one can fully avoid the wager of wonder drug-resisting infections. Infections with resisting organisms are difficult to discourse, request sumptuous and sometimes toxic alternatives. Bacteria will inevitably find ways of resisting the antibiotics improved by humans, which is why aggressive movement is needed now to keep modern resistance from developing and to prevent the resistance that already live from spreading. Explanation of Bacteria and Other Microbes are organisms too inconsiderable for the eye to see and are found everywhere on Earth. There are many types of microbes: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. While most microbes are unoffending and even serviceable to living organisms, some can mainspring indisposition among humans, other animals, and generate. These indisposition-causing microbes are invoke pathogens; sometimes they are apply to as “germs” or “germ.” All types of microbes have the address to develop resistance to the drudge created to destroy them, becoming dope-resistant organisms. How Resistance Happens Simply second-hand antibiotics created resistance. These pharmaceutical should only be custom to manage infections. Trends in Drug

Supporting Data:Over the past century of antibiotic discovery and development, few parallel and independent lines of discovery have been fruitful. The development of strategies to prevent the evolution of resistance strains of microbes has been a top priority. In clinical practice, several measures that have been tested to reduce the incidence of resistance development, including

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), explains in his extensive research on antimicrobial resistants, “Microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, are living organisms that evolve over time. Their primary function is to reproduce, thrive, and spread quickly and efficiently. Therefore, microbes adapt to their environments and change in ways that ensure their survival” (Fauci). As a direct result of the overuse of antibiotics, some bacteria are now completely resistant to those very same weapons that once killed them. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system, antimicrobial resistant bacteria, commonly referred to as Superbugs, are a complex problem, and as such, single, isolated interventions have little to no impact on this ever-growing problem (Antimicrobial). To mitigate or lessen the extent of Superbugs, scientists need to focus on the ammunition that has been around for millions of years. That simple solution is, coincidentally, bacteria. Specifically, scientists can create new antibacterial drugs that only kill specific types of bacteria, as derived from the principal that, bacteria and viruses kill other bacteria. This may sound complex, but the idea is put simply by microbiologist Vincent Fischetti, head of Rockefeller University’s Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and

Antibiotics was developed to combat bacteria by zero in on the bacteria’s structure. As time goes by bacteria can defeat antibiotics in their natural selection. Natural selection plays an important role in the progression of antibiotic resistance. Most of the bacteria dies when it is exposed to antibiotics they are sensitive to. Therefore, it creates more space and availability of nutrients for the surviving antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Subsequently,

Antimicrobial resistance. Overtime, microbes adapt to certain drugs causing them to mutate and resist drugs that would otherwise kill them or limit their growth (CDC, 2017). This resistance makes it harder for the body to fight infection since the existing drugs are less effective. Antimicrobial resistance affects over two million people in the US every year and of these two million, more than 23,000 die as a result (Michaelidis et al., 2016). Seemingly, the number one cause of antibiotic resistance is use of antibiotics, followed by the spread of resistant strains (CDC, 2017). The CDC also claims that resistant organisms require more costly and toxic alternatives and therefore, doctors should only prescribe antibiotics in appropriate durations when needed (2017). Colgan & Powers (2001) adds that appropriate prescribing of antibiotics may slow the rate of resistance. Unfortunately, physicians do not optimally prescribe antibiotics about half of the time (CDC, 2017), so antimicrobial resistance continues to be a growing issue in the field of medicine.