Faece Case Studies

He was able to tolerate PO earlier around 6am. but now denies having an appetite. Patient had very small bowel movement earlier this morning that was not normal for him. He has not passes has the morning. 'he is voiding well. Denies fevers, chills or night sweats. The pain is localized to the RLQ without radiation at this point. He has never had a colonoscopy.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Vital signs are WNL. Apparently he has had no chills, night sweats, or favors. Generalized malaise and a lack of energy have been the main concerns. HEART: Regular rate and rhythm with S1 and S2. No S3 or S4 is heard at this time. LUNGS: Bilateral rhonchi. No significant amphoric sounds are noted. ABDOMON: Soft nontender. No hepatosplenomegaly or masses are detected. RECTAL EXAM: Prostate smooth and firm. No stool is present for hemoccult test.

There are difficulties and controversy associated with the current screening methods for prostate cancer. The PSA test for prostate cancer has become controversial as it is “not yet known for certain if this test actually does saves lives. It is not clear if the benefits of PSA screening outweigh the risks of diagnostic tests and cancer treatments” (National Cancer Institute, 2009). According to NCI, a PSA test may detect a small amount of cancer that may never become life threatening. This is referred to as over diagnosis and this can put men at risk of complications from any additional and unnecessary treatment (National Cancer Institute, 2009).

onset with this disease. His primary complaint of lower left quadrant pain, is being felt

There are many symptoms that can cause suspicion of Prostate Cancer. While very few men show no signs or symptoms of this cancer many men show signs in their urine. (“Prostate Cancer”) Frequent urination, the frequent use of the bathroom, is one of the most common signs of Prostate Cancer. During the night a male that possibly has this cancer uses the bathroom 6 to 7 times. (“Fact Sheet”) Other symptoms may include blood in the urine or semen, delayed or slowed start of urinary stream and dribbling or leakage of urine. Bone pain or tenderness, along with pain in bowel movements, can also be a major symptom, but not as common. (“Prostate Cancer”) Although these are symptoms of Prostate Cancer, they can also be signs of other diseases and is recommended to see a doctor for diagnostic testing.

Physical Examination: General: The patient is an alert, oriented male appearing his stated age. He appears to be in moderate distress. Vital signs: blood pressure 132/78 and pulse 68 and regular. Temperature is 38.56 oC (101.4 oF). HEENT:Normocephalic, atraumatic. Pupils were equal, round, and reactive to light. Ears are clear. Throat is normal. Neck: The neck is supple with no carotid bruits. Lungs: The lungs are clear to auscultation and percussion. Heart: Regular rate and rhythm. Abdomen:Bowel sounds are normal. There is rebound tenderness with maximal discomfort on palpation in the right lower quadrant. Extremities: No clubbing, cyanosis, or edema.

Mr. Davy Jones is a 60-year-old man that presents incontinence, nocturia, difficulty urinating, and a weak stream when urinating. The patient visited the clinic on 03/01/2017 after experiencing these issues for approximately two months. He is experiencing fatigue with not being able to achieve adequate sleep during the night due to nocturia. He is complaining of bladder always feeling full after voiding. Patient has had multiple UTI’s that was treated with antibiotics and was successful with medicinal treatment.

There are risk factors which may be a contributing cause in urinary incontinence. Age, gender, being overweight, prostate problems or prostate surgery and certain neurological diseases such as diabetes can be a contributing factor. We will look at the four most common types of incontinence (Stress, Urge, Overflow and Functional) and the gender effect on each (Shultz 2010).

little or no urine when urinating, swelling in the legs and feet, not feeling like eating,

However, sometimes it does not happen the way you expect, and there are numerous reasons as to why. The lack of fiber in the diet is the most common reason for not pooping. Women should make sure to include vegetables and fruits in their diet for an adequate supply of fiber. Other reasons include thyroid disorders, diabetes, inactiveness, dehydration, or taking medicines such as Pepto Bismol and narcotics such as Morphine, Percocet, Oxycontin, and Vicodin.

The is considered the “gold standard” for obtaining objective information about the person’s voiding patterns and UI episodes and their severity(Dwelling Catronova &Bradway, 2008). The voiding dairy can be used by both community dwelling and institutionalized elders. Older adult in the community can usually keep a bladder dairy without much difficulty. Bladder dairies for those in long term care usually maintained by the staff. The character of the urine (color, odor, sediment, or clear) and difficulty starting or stopping the urinary stream should be recorded. Activities of daily living (ADLs) such as ability to reach to toilet and use it and finger dexterity for clothing manipulation should be documented (Lucas, Bosch, Burkhard, et al, 2102).

Prostate carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States.1 Although local therapies with curative intent, such as radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy, may result in durable disease control, up to 30% of patients experience biochemical progression.2 Patients who are at a high risk for failed definitive local therapy represent ideal candidates for adjuvant therapy or for clinical trials of systemic . Patient consisted of digital rectal examination and serum PSA , which were done every 3 months for year 1, semiannually from years 2 to 5 and annually . Biochemical progression was defined as a sustained increase on 2 or more occasions of serum total PSA greater than 0.2

The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals. It differs anatomically, chemically and physiology in different species, the main function of the prostate is to secrete liquid substances alkaline in nature (urine, semen). It is located beneath bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate also produces prostate specific antigen. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) keeps semen in liquid form so sperm can swim. Prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate. Prostate cancer is slow growing in some people, while in some its shows rapid growth. The bones and lymph nodes are also affected by the cancer cells. Affecting the bones and lymph nodes cause hinders the production of red blood

through several test the entire body of the person can be checked for what is

The word constipation comes from the Latin constipare meaning "to press, crowd together". Constipation is a condition in which a person infrequently (generally fewer than three per a week) passes hard faeces or stools. Patients sometimes complain of straining, a feeling of incomplete evacuation of faces, and abdominal or perianal discomfort. (Macpherson, 2002).