Kayla Mallari
Professor Hogen-Esch
Pols 155 The Fairness Doctrine was a policy established by the Federal Communications Commission, that states those with broadcast license such as radio stations and television programs must present controversial public issues in way that is honest, balanced, and fair within the time of their program. The policy was passed by Congress in 1949, its main concern was that diverse views and controversial issues that regard the public be available for society to be aware of. This also entitled political programs to present opposing sides of an issue. Broadcasters had obligation to show the public the spectrum of an argument. Furthermore the doctrine also includes that the broadcasters must allow anyone being
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The repeal has given broadcasters the power to dismiss issues or state them in a manner that is bias. Ralph Nader an American politic activist explains that without the Fairness Doctrine public issues, including women's rights, the health effects of smoking, and the safety of nuclear power plants, would not have not been apparent to society. Many have considered the reinstatement of the Fairness Doctrine, in 2005 by U.S Representative Louise Slaughter, in 2007 by Senator Richard Durbin, then again in 2008. In my opinion I think the Fairness Doctrine should be reinstated but also reevaluated and revived so that it fits are society today. The doctrine should include factors that still protect the first amendment but enables the public to be knowledgeable of issues, in which they can form their own opinions on. News and other media today is very bias and provides entertainment rather than knowledge of current news that impact our lives. I believe the public needs to be fully aware of issue and political views in a broad spectrum rather than the bias view of the broadcasters
An example that it is not fair is, in the book the government put weights on george to make him slower and weaker but an unintended consequence was that he was tired so it hurt him more. The government should encourage peoples minds to strong. If you were smart they would put transmitters on your head so you could not think clearly. The government had
The Right-to-Try bill is a proposed amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that would allow those with a terminal illness to have access or the “right to try” investigational drugs which are not approved by the FDA. The Right-to-Try bill, S.204 — 115th Congress (2017-2018): Trickett Wendler Right to Try Act of 2017 was passed by the Senate in August 2017, and now in the House of Representatives for vote in order to be signed into law by President Trump.1
In the United State we have many systems, like all others, it is separated the use of some irrelevant or untrustworthy evidence. The system that I am referring to and the one that we will be discussing in this paper is the exclusionary rule. It is the introduction of a good evidence, that it is obtained by a bad law enforcement, is most common in the United State than other countries legal system. To put it in other words, the exclusionary rule is controversial. Therefore, many experts say that it sets criminals free on minor points. In this paper, I will speak about the pros and cons of the exclusionary rule, how it is effecting the criminal justice system of the United State. In addition, I will speak and summarize the case of Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott from 1998, this will be a great example of the exclusionary rule and the effects about them. Furthermore, I will show how this case was important with the Exclusionary Rule, and my opinion on the matter.
The Oxford Learner’s Dictionary defines fairness to be ‘the quality of treating people equally or in a way that is reasonable’ and justice as ‘the quality of being fair or reasonable’ (Oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com, 2014). Investigation of the characteristics of the Australian Legal System (ALS) including its adoption, structure and operational rules, reveal that for the most part the system is based on these two attributes. This inference is further evidenced by the legally binding operational framework assigned to the financial services industry and reflected in the codes of practice that also guide it.
The Brady doctrine ensures a fair trial for everyone, the defendant as well as society benefits from the due process (Wisenburg
I will start with the opponents of the exclusionary rule. Opponents argue that the exclusionary rule has strayed from its original purpose, and that it no longer does what it was originally intended to.
We all know that it is illegal to yell, “FIRE!” in a crowded theater. It would only be legal if there was a clear and present danger. The Ad-Hoc balancing theory, which is more of a strategy than a theory, is used by the courts to organize facts about cases. It uses the case-by-case approach which makes sure the court looks at each distinct fact and point in the case to come to a rational decision. “Ad hoc balancing works by examining the interests of both of the parties in an action and weighing those interests. The ultimate question is this: which constitutional right in this case is more important to society to protect?” (McKenna). The court weighs the pros and cons, freedom of expression with other values, of each individual case and balances
To amend the constitution, various steps and procedures must be taken. When either Congress (which takes a two-thirds majority vote in both the Senate and the House of Representatives), or a constitutional convention (which takes two-thirds of the State legislatures) want to propose an amendment, they give it to the National Archives and Records Administration. The Congress proposes the amendment as a joint resolution to the National Archives and Records Administrations Office of the Federal Register for the publication process. The Office of the Federal Register adds legislative notes to the joint resolution and publishes it in slip law format. The Office of the Federal Register also puts together an information package for the States
Another experiment that I researched on that has been done at Bucknell is the fairness experiment. This experiment seems to be fairly common as I saw various people and sites talking about it and the results. For this experiment done on capuchin monkeys, they are trained to return a rock to the scientist to gain a reward, which is this case is a piece of cucumber. Then, the other monkey who does the same task is rewarded with a grape, a much better reward to the monkeys. The monkey who only received the cucumber responds significantly to what he has seen and gets very angry. He starts to pound on the walls of the cage, demanding that he also gets the same reward. After not receiving a grape the monkey will throw his food back at the researcher
But in today’s market, with hundreds of choices in programming, such regulations are irrelevant, and nearly impossible to enforce” (Sears par.8). Sears then goes on to say that the Fairness Doctrine is counterproductive and that the FCC actually found that it discouraged free speech. This was because instead of trying to give each side “equal time”, station owners began dropping politically-based programming altogether (Sears par.9). The policy was abolished in 1987 by the FCC as a result (Sears, par 9).
voiding laws of human biases, or rather morality, there can exists fair and equal practices of the law as ‘is’.
Affirmative action is a law, policy and action for those who tend to suffer discrimination and promote equal opportunity. Also affirmative action is associated to positive discrimination for example race, gender, and/or disabilities. Provides more opportunities and increases diversity in people. Affirmative action helps people with different gender to find jobs, to find schools or to participate in political life. This act helps a lot of people when they are looking for employment or if they are employees, who the treat them because of race, creed, color, or national origin. In an action that insures the diversity that is obtained and maintained in schools and in the workplace.
Finally, the principle of justice is also applicable here. The Belmont Report addresses the principle of justice in terms of who ought to receive the benefits of research and bear its burdens. (Belmont Report, 1979). The benefit to society is always the focus of justice in medical research, not the benefit to the subject. It represents both aspects of utilitarianism, the benefit to society as a whole, as well as egalitarianism, the notion that equals ought to be treated equally. An injustice occurs when some burden is imposed unduly. It is important to insure that those who are already burdened are not overburdened and the group participating in medical research should receive the benefit of it. The selection of research subjects must be
The word “justice” is often used in a large number of the United States’ most important documents, such as the Constitution, and the Declaration of Independence. Simply put, justice is a fair and lawful balancing of conflict. Justice is also frequently associated with the word “fairness”. The guarantee of justice is usually a prerequisite for a sound society, as explained by Stuart Hampshire in Justice is Conflict: The Soul and the City. However, since there are many different perceptions of what fairness actually means, the precise definition of justice is still widely debated.
The new era of life has struck hard and struck fast for those who have not accommodated for the new lifestyle that is implemented. Unfortunately, those who would like to withhold that certain lifestyle are being sucked into the rolling vacuum of change. For the last 300+ years of inhabiting the United States, citizens have fought for any and every type of equality, from race, religion, education, gender, and sexual preferences. No matter the generation, at least one person that lives in this country has experienced at least once in their lifetime, these events of other citizens to achieve the same rights as every other has. It’s important to strive for these goals, but in the quest of equality and acceptance, how far the ideal must be pushed before the notation of acceptance become too “extreme?” To word it