Fairness and Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System

State and territory police play a pivotal role in protecting community safety and protection. ‘Policing’ was a combination of national economic interests, domestic and international security, and represented in time by distinctive organizations (Chapman, 1970; Emsley, 1994). They have responsibility for peace preservation, and crime prevention as well as upholding the laws, providing assistance in personal emergencies, and coordinating and managing emergency incidents. Since the police can employ the discretionary powers, which is a flexible way to dispose of social problems, in a manner that either directs offenders to or diverts them away from, further penetration into the justice system, they are seen as the ‘gatekeepers’ of the criminal justice system, model authority, and law-abiding enforcement (Rob and Santina, 2015, p.348; Wortley, 2003). “They seek to sustain politically defined order and ordering via tracking, surveillance, and arrest. As such, they require compliance to command from lower participants and citizens. " (Peter and Jeffrey, 2015, p.246). Discretion is universal and legitimate power applied by criminal justice professionals in modern policing, which requires employing individual judgment for adjudicating whether they use a legal sanction in a particular situation (McLaughlin, 2013).

With so much that has transpired recently involving law enforcement and the citizens that they are sworn to protect and serve. There are many questions along with different controversial views on the roles of policing. The roles of policing are a very complex and at times can become very controversial depending on the laws and different induvial ways of thinking. In this paper, I will attempt to point out and discuss several roles of policing. Before talking about anything first, the understanding and clarity to what policing really means. By tradition, most people think of police usually as having the responsibility to responding to crimes after it has already taken place and, therefore are organized to support regular patrols, be speedy

It is through the Criminal Justice System’s close collaborations with like-minded agencies such as the Police, Prison and Courts Services, that the public’s concerns and worries are resolved, in order to bring about justice in our communities (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007 as cited in Fox, 2014). With that in mind and out of the way, this essay will aim to explore some of the strengths and weaknesses, which are prominent within the Criminal Justice System. To do this successfully, the Police and the Courts Service will be the key agencies that will be explored in relation to the key Models that shape the whole Criminal Justice System. These Models were founded by Herbert L. Packer (1968) and Michael King (1981).

For many decades the population in the U.S. has been in the hands of the criminal justice system. Law enforcement, courts, and corrections have been making sure that the streets stay clean and that the community is safe. These three components work together in order to ensure justice is being served fairly. Although these three parts, of the criminal justice system, are different in many ways they succeed because of those differences. The different knowledge and insight each individual has about the criminal mind and behavior helps them make a fair assumptions and decisions when dealing with criminals and the society.

Firstly, it is important to acknowledge that the role of the criminal justice system is responsible for assisting the law and order, and to detect and stop crime (CJS Online, 2010). Keeping this in mind Matthews et al. (2003) highlights that it should not be described as a single

The criminal justice system in England and Wales is made up of multiple agencies which all have different responsibilities, however they share the main objective of maintaining and enforcing the rule of law. The International Bar Association (2005) describes the Rule of Law as ‘the foundation of a civilized society’ with a society’s formal response to crime being the responsibility of the criminal justice system ‘more specifically in terms of a series of decisions and actions being taken by a number of agencies’ (Criminal Justice). Law enforcement, courts, the penal system, and crime prevention are the four key agencies that make up the criminal justice system.

This essay will investigate how different environments of crime impact upon the policing of crime. It will examine urban and rural crime, and as well the global north and south. Firstly it will look at rural and urban crime with a focus on England, but as well other countries in the world. It will give a brief history overview over urban and rural police forces in England, this for the reason that it will provide a good background before telling about urban and rural policing as of now and as well because the first modern police department was established in London. This essay will then examine how the global north and global south effects on policing. It will examine the differences and how policing might affect differently in either the global north or the global south. This essay will as well go into organisations like Interpol, customs and different types of crime as corruption, white-collar etc. and how this affects the policing in the countries. In the end this essay will give a short overview over the main points in the essay.

While the death penalty has been ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States, many American citizens believe that racial discrimination is a major factor in deciding who will be legally punished by death. Because a large portion of the population of the United States fears that the justice system in America is not color blind, studies have been conducted in order to investigate the fairness in the administration of the death penalty.

Both in the UK and internationally there exists a code of conduct within which police forces are expected to comply while operating in their line of duty. These codes of practice have been introduced in both international law and domestic law to ensure that the decisions and actions taken by the police are accountable to the public. This paper will analyse and evaluate the balance between police powers and how accountable they are for the actions they take, the decisions that they make and how these actions and decisions can be challenged by the public. The police are charged with the task of upholding the law within society and as a result the police have greater powers than those of ordinary citizens and a significantly greater access

America has become one of the most diverse and wealthiest countries in the world. Although the United States is wealthy, not all individuals have benefited from that wealth. Throughout society, African American communities have become marginalized, with areas of poverty, high crime rates, discrimination and few opportunities for advancement. These areas are often locations where racial and cultural minorities live. Racial disparities exist within the criminal justice system and have shown many problems of inequality between the white and black race. In addition to having inequality within the criminal justice system, the criminals also have impacted their family members in different ways due to being incarcerated. The media has misrepresented African Americans by emphasizing African Americans participating in crimes while ignoring crimes committed by whites. People in society are assuming that only black people commit crimes, which is unfair because the incidences of people committing crimes are about equal between the races. Racial disparity favors white people over black people in the criminal justice system. Therefore, society must reevaluate the way society portrays who commits crimes, and where they are committed.

If the rule of "might is right" prevails, no procedural fairness exists, the law and legal authorities lose their legitimacy and the prevention of crime through punishment will be no more effective therefore the procedural fairness (also termed as procedural justice) is a tool to make the Criminal Justice System successful. The procedural fairness/ Procedural Justice is key factor to establish the legitimacy of the legal authorities and prosecution service plays its role not only for the provision of justice by getting the wrongdoers punished but it also ensures the procedural fairness in the whole process of administration of criminal justice starting from the investigation till the final outcome the case. The prosecution supervise the investigation process and ensures the compliance of the prescribed rules and principles

The article by Andrew Millie “The Great Debate: How Wide or Narrow Should the Police’s Remit Be?” significantly contributes to the theory of policing as the universal treatment for crimes and the way this authority should work. (Millie, 2014, 1). The originality of the article is that is considers the police as primarily the institution, which is designed for struggle against crimes and suggests separation or delegation of certain obligations, which are currently done by it to the other parties including civil persons and non-governmental organizations. (Millie, 2014, 4). At the same time, another point of concern which considerably contributes to the mentioned theory is that, even though such tendency of separation has its right for existence, the author reasonably states that there are still functions and duties which are not directly aimed at criminals arrests or struggle against crimes, but such ones that cannot be passed over to the other parties and should be the points of contact when the police is asking for assistance in these spheres of activity. (Millie, 2014, 4-5). Another original finding of the author which is, obviously, is one more contribution is that the police can and may be used more effectively not only for the purpose of crime reduction and criminals tracking and arrest, but also crime prevention which is, as per the author’s reasonable

The idea that the police are basically a crime-fighting agency has never been challenged, no one has troubled to sort out the remaining priorities. Instead, the police have always been forced to justify activities that did not involve law enforcement, in the direct sense, either by linking them constructively to law enforcement or by defining them as nuisance demands for service. This view, especially in the minds of the police, has two pernicious consequences,. First, it leads to a tendency to view all sorts of problems as if they involve culpable offenses and to an excessive reliance on quasi-legal methods for handling them. The widespread use of arrests without intent to prosecute exemplifies this state of affairs. These studies do not involve

This report shall examine the role of the police in the criminal justice system. For background it will detail a brief history of the development of the police then look at the later development of police powers of arrest, detention and of stop and search. Further to this it will examine the role of the police in miscarriages of justice and the effects of these miscarriages on the development of safeguards for people detained by the police. Also the measures taken to prevent further miscarriages of justice such as the development of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) to decide if the evidence is there and a prosecution is likely to be successful.

The role of the police all over the world has been traditionally seen within the basic context of: the Prevention and detection of crime, Protection of life and property and the Preservation of peace and good order. Today, although these roles have not changed, the police in all societies must broaden their outlook in order to appreciate their role as one which embraces not merely the enforcement of law, but which