Fallacies of Ethos, Pathos and Logos in Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed

It is made clear that college students are quick to form an opinion which doesn’t expand knowledge and can show unintelligence. Many people, more specifically protesters, believe one side and won’t open up and listen to the other side. Frank Bruni, an Op-Ed Columnist for the New York Times and the author of 3 New York Times best sellers in 2015, 2009, and 2002, tells us that the college protesters are wrong. His argument states that the college students need to be educated more on the whole subject because lacking education can essentially lead to being biased or sticking with the one side you believe in. The students were protesting a guest speaker, Charles Murray, who is identified as anti-gay, racist, and sexist. Although the guest speaker’s beliefs are terrible, the students should hear what he has to say. Frank Bruni’s “The Dangerous Saftey of College” presents an effective logical appeal; however, it lacks clear and concise evidence along with not presenting an emotional appeal to connect with the audience.

Labels, these are names or tags given to people that look walk or talk in a

Within the article titled “The Mistrust of Science” by Atul Gawande, the article is a written document of an address at the California Institute of Technology and describes the connection of science to every single human on Earth. This is done because the presenter defines science as “a systematic way of thinking” since science allows humans to contemplate beyond the information being given to them at any time, such as the questions may follow of how, when, where, why, and how? The presenter states the opinion that, no matter what major you are declared as or the type of occupation you hold, science is embedded into the way you are living, despite you not having any knowledge of certain science topics.

The use of LEGOs is an extraordinary thing, but it is shocking to see exactly how controversial a small toy can become. People of all ages have been found to enjoy this toy. Companies and organizations such as MIT and NASA have even found a use for them. The toy has become known as a child’s imagination tool and has not been exclusively used for adults. The documentary shows that adults come together to compete in competitions on who can create the greatest LEGO sculpture. Many people may not know just how big this toy is used around the world.

Censoring Science begins in Washington D.C., where we are introduced to Dr. James Hansen. Born in 1941 on a farm in Denison, Iowa, Jim was the fifth child and first boy out of seven children. His father, who had minimal education, held many different low-paying jobs and the family moved rather frequently. In third grade, Jim’s sister gave him part of her paper route- a job he would keep throughout high school, gradually saving up enough money to pay for college. Though he was a rather laid-back student, he earned the highest score on an IQ test (taken by seventh-twelfth graders) in seventh grade. Because of his test scores Jim received a scholarship to the University of Iowa, where he came under the

“A movement is arising, undirected and driven largely by students, to scrub campuses clean of words, ideas, and subjects that might cause discomfort or give offense” (Lukianoff and Haidt 44). Colleges are sheltering their students from words and ideas that students do not like or are found to be offensive. Affecting their education and cognitive skills, scientists are warning colleges to refrain from coddling the students and allowing other viewpoints to be spoken. People are speaking their minds, saying their own views; however, some people are over sensitive and take these viewpoints offensively. In the article “The Coddling of the American Mind,” Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt successfully argues using rhetorical questions, specific examples, and affective visuals that protecting college students from words and ideas deteriorates their education and mental health.

Brainwashing, torture, pain. All three of these words bring about a negative connotation. However, rearrange these words – reintegration, discipline, moral instinct – these words now have a conclusive argument against methods that may seem heinous. By enhancing these words, one can change the emotional and logical appeal of an argument. In reality, stubbornness and pride hold humans back from the truth of reality. Therefore, two groups with different options can cause conflict. To unify two opposing groups, either a compromise must be made or one group conforms to the other. Either method can work; however, to get this to work an emotional and/or logical appeal must be made in an argument. This method is commonly known as pathos and logos (two of Aristotle’s Rhetorical Situations). Pathos, from the Greek origin, means “suffering” and/or “experience”; but not as suffering from pain, but as feeling sympathy from a story of suffering. Logos is translated to “logic” and “reasoning.” By finding reasoning in a situation, it is easier to see the difference between just and unjust. Through the use of manipulation and torture, O’Brien demonstrates the methods of pathos and logos behind his assertive argument.

The article for “Aveeno Active Naturals,” advertises their lotion through extensive use of ethos, pathos and logos. With the use of various techniques and phrasing, they favorably present their product and provide evidence to convince a customer to buy their lotion. They use ethos by featuring the widely known actress, Jennifer Aniston. They extend their credibility by writing on the label,“dermatologist recommendations” and being a famously known, well-working brand. They use pathos through selective phrases such as “Naturally beautiful results,” the promise of skin thats soft to the touch and the use of this lotion will be consumingly delightful. Aveeno uses logos to attractive the customer, by promoting “healthy-looking” legs and natural

According to our texts and lectures, a good argument must be valid and strong, with evidence or premises, and a conclusion. The premises must be true and of quality, supported by reasoning or evidence of some sort. The premises must also logically support the conclusion or there would be no argument. The goal of an argument is to convince the reader to believe in something and to demonstrate that with careful reasoning and consideration, the writer 's point of view is legitimate. The key approaches of reasoning in an argument are persuasion tactics called logos, ethos, and pathos. Logos is the use of logic to persuade the reader with statements containing rational principles. Facts, such as statistics, or anything that can be proven is an appeal to logos. Ethos is a plan of action using ethics which help define credibility, reliability, and character through direct knowledge and/or experience in the situation at hand. Ethos is used by writers to build trust and to demonstrate their qualifications for the statements they make. Pathos is used to connect with the reader on an emotional level using tragedy, sadness, pity, and other sentimental specifics the reader can relate to. All three of these Greek artistic proofs are used in the readings of “Out Of Body Image,” by an assistant professor of politics at Occidental College in Los Angeles, Caroline Heldman, whom focuses her work on issues of gender and race, and “X-Large Boys,” by Allisa Quart, who is a graduate of Columbia

To wrap up an idea/ give final thoughts and explain the reason for the essay

In an article titled ‘Wounds will never heal’ published in The Sunday Mail, 18 March, p. 42, author Max argues that Australia should not have signed an agreement for regional co-operation and a closer relationship between the Australian and Japanese militaries (Venables 2007, p. 42).

Cognitive distortions are said to be the ways in which our brain convinces us of something that is not true. College students experience cognitive distortions more often than none. The cognitive distortions in which college students experience would include the feeling of being a failure per not doing as well as you thought you did on a test, the rules we mentally make for ourselves, or negative global labeling. Cognitive distortions are believed to make us believe that information presented to us is rational and accurate when its goal is to make us continue to feel bad about ourselves. In the article, “The coddling of the American mind”, the authors, Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt examines what they believe in the fact that professors are protecting students’ minds through warnings of offensive materials, which they believe encourages students to believe that it is damaging and dangerous to discuss certain aspects of our history (2015). College students endure these and many other cognitive distortions, but we are often made to believe that these distortions are acceptable simply because students’ minds are allowed to become more open to new ideas and new people due to the toning down of the perceptual state of mind to outrage and discomfort (Lukianoff & Haidt, 2015).

It was a peculiar sight indeed: an institutional effort to limit the exposure of the student body to a branch of thought simply because of fear of a regressive society’s reproach. Nonetheless, I began seeking answers elsewhere.

In this essay, I will closely examine the role of ethos, pathos, and logos as they were utilized in the 1992 Presidential Debate video clip. Throughout Clinton and Bush’s debates, they used the three options of persuasion effectively and discretely; however, it is evident that out of the three ways of persuasion, the candidates used ‘pathos’ because of the content they were providing. It was apparent that Bill Clinton was more prepared to display forms of persuasion than George H.W. Bush was because Clinton had prior experience dealing with lower income people. In the upcoming paragraphs, I will explain and analyze how each candidate made use of the three forms of persuasion: logos, pathos, and ethos.

In the episode “Scientific Studies” on the tv show “Last Week Tonight with John Oliver”, he employs a plethora of rhetorical strategies to depict his point that not all “science” is necessarily science as most might assume; and how we as a people have become blinded and misled because these scientists are contradicting each other's’ findings. He does so by using humor, making comments that some people might be able to relate to, and by presenting basic logic and common knowledge.