Fantastic Voyage
Unit 9 Project
Anatomy and Physiology II
Fantastic Voyage. Once again my mini-sub and I will be miniaturized (8 microns long) and witnessing another ‘Fantastic Voyage’ in a human body. This time I will be swallowed by George, a 55 years old man, while he is eating his meal consisting of a hamburger, French fries and a soda. I will pilot my mini-sub through George’s GI (gastrointestinal tract), which is the tube that starts with the mouth and proceeds to the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine (or colon), rectum and, finally, the anus (Pansky, 2007). Along this pathway I will describe the digestion of George’s meal and the major structures that I will encounter. Arrived to the distal
…show more content…
Instead the pancreatic juice, which is the most important digestive juice, contains mainly water and enzymes such as: Amylase (breaks down carbohydrates/starch into glucose), Protease (breaks down proteins into amino acids) and Lipase which breaks down lipids (with the aid of bile) into triglycerides. It also contains sodium bicarbonate able to neutralize the hydrochloric acid present in the chyme. Through the lining of the small intestine I can also see numerous “brush border" enzymes which are further breaking down products of digestion into absorbable particles; these enzymes constitute the intestinal juice and particularly digest polysaccharides transforming them in monosaccharaides (Maltase, Sucrase and Lactase), (Patton & Thibodeau, 2008). The chyme now is entering in the jejunum (the second portion of the small intestine) where digestion continues and absorption begins. I notice that the jejunum contains numerous villi but less Brunner's glands, it also presents many large circular folds called plicae circulares (Pansky, 2007). These circular folds increase the surface area for nutrient absorption; in fact the absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place here. Now the chyme and I are entering into the ileum which is the final and longest segment of the small intestine. This tract of the
gall bladder liver hepatic portal region cystic duct bile duct hepatic pancreatic sphincter accessory pancreatic duct hepatic flexure jejunum ascending colon ileum rectum illiocecal vavle anal canal cecum appendix anus transverse colon decsending colon sigmond colon pancreas cardiac sphincter
The small intestine is where the completion of the digestion and absorption of nutrients happens. The small intestine is highly adapted for the absorption; villi and microvilli. The small intestine is the main site for lipid digestion. The pancreas secretes lipases which are special enzymes that digest fats after they have been mixed with bile.
Sexuality and personal growth has and always will be a topic of conversation in real life and even in fiction short stories. The idea of sexuality has just recently not only became an open idea to discuss but one to also write and publish about. Both Alice Munro and John Updike both illustrate the idea of sexuality and personal growth in very different ways. “The Found Boat” by Alice Munro, deals with sexuality in an aggressive manner while “A&P” by John Updike, deals more with the idea of sexuality rather than sexuality itself. They also have very similar elements of fiction that include (but is not limited to) characters, theme and conflict. The characters relate in both
It’s a typical day. After school you get home and you are starving, but you just want a snack. “What should I eat?,” you ask yourself. Then, after looking through the cabinets for a few minutes, you find Cheetos and decide to eat a few. With just the presence of those Cheetos in your sight, the digestion process begins in your 9 meter long digestive tract.
Thirty seconds ago I was in my blueberry bush as a blueberry enjoying the sun, but now I am in the mouth of the human, in the process of being digested. The enzymes in the saliva started to chemically digest me, at the same time I was being mechanically torn and crushed by all thirty two teeth. Teeth are used to break down large pieces of food into smaller pieces so it is easier to digest. I was now going down pharynx and moving my way into the oesophagus. I saw the epiglottis close up as I was being pushed down, in a way called peristalsis. Peristalsis is the contraction and relaxing of muscles which push food. I continue my way down the oesophagus and find myself in contact with the gastric juices found in the stomach. The gastric juices
Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food that we eat and the process starts in the mouth and moves down the alimentary canal. In the mouth, large chucks of food are chewed into smaller particles and then moves down through the alimentary canal for chemical digestion, which is also essential for nutrients to be absorbed, by the small and large intestine. Chemical digestion involves the mixing of the food particles with different enzymes that further break them down. The alimentary canal is also known as the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and consists of the mouth, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
On April 14,1912 a great ship called the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage. That night there were many warnings of icebergs from other ships. There seems to be a conflict on whether or not the warnings reached the bridge. We may never know the answer to this question. The greatest tragedy of all may be that there were not
Hello, I’m a sandwich (or, at least I used to be one), and I have recently been eaten and digested. First, I was ingested and mechanically digested in the mouth. The maxilla on top and the mandible on the bottom worked to chew me up into smaller pieces. Amylase started to chemically digest my polysaccharides. It also told me that it was from the salivary glands. I was then pushed back by the tongue, went through the oral and laryngeal pharynx, and was pushed down by the muscular esophagus through peristalsis. I entered the body of the stomach where gastric acid chemically digested more of my polysaccharides and proteins. The gastric acid told me it was made of hydrochloric acid and enzymes like pepsin. It also told me it came from the gastric
The Alimentary Canal is a system which contains different sections and organs that work together to digest substances. Food substances pass through the alimentary canal which starts at the mouth and eventually ends up at the anus. Ingestion is the consumption of a substance through the mouth e.g. eating or drinking. The mouth increases surface area for chemical digestion as Salivary glands produce Saliva which contains amylase to breakdown starch. Saliva also contains mineral salts to keep PH constant and Mucin to make food slimy and easier to pass down the oesophagus. Peristalsis is the movement of food by coordinated involuntary muscle contractions. Peristalsis is used in the oesophagus, stomach, and intestines to transport food.
The food is changed into chyme which is a slimy material. The chyme gets mixed with highly acidic gastric juice and strong digestive enzymes in the stomach. This is to prepare the chyme for the small intestine. There are hormones like gastine and molin that help move the chyme and pump gastric juice. The chyme then goes to the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. The small intestines have three parts which are the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. The small intestines break down the chyme by enzymes from the pancreas and bile. The pancreas produces insulin which controls metabolism in the blood and enzymes that break down fats, carbohydrates, and protein. Then the gallbladder releases the bile it stores into the duodenum to absorb fats. The duodenum is mostly the continuous breakdown of the chyme while the jejunum and ileum absorb the nutrients. All the nutrients get absorbed from the foods (vitamins, proteins, minerals, fats, and carbohydrates) that travel into the bloodstream throughout the body. This is the third main function called absorption. The liver absorbs all the nutrients from the small intestines. Another thing that the liver does is it makes chemicals from the nutrients it absorbs that the body needs. It also breaks down poisons and drugs in the body. From the small intestines come the large intestines (colon) that are attached to the small
puts a story on the screen and into life so that people can see it.
The dynamic gastric model (DGM) was invented and designed by Dr. Martin Wickham and Dr. Richard Faulks from the United Kingdom. Even though the model is only half the size of the human digestive system, it can be used to investigate the effects of diet, drugs, alcohol and other factors on digestion. The figure is made of plastic and metal and is composed in two parts. The upper section is a funnel and a cylinder shaped container where food, enzyme, and gastric acid are mixed. After the hydration reaction, the mixture is transported down a metal tube to get crushed and is later stored in a transparent container to test the level of fat, protein or bacteria. Based on the various functions of the model, technology replaces human body and is ethically friendlier. Hence DGM well illustrates the digestive system, which brings a great contribution to development in science.
The small intestine is where digestion of carbohydrates (starch) starts to act. The brush border of the small intestine releases dextrinase and glucoamylase, both of which slowly break down polysaccharides, chains of saccharide polymers, into oligosaccharides. Pancreatic amylase works to further break down oligosaccharides, which are chains of monosaccharides containing more than two saccharides. Finally, oligosaccharides are broken down into disaccharides, or two monosaccharides, then further into monosaccharides, the simplest form of a carbohydrate. Maltase, another enzyme, breaks down maltose into glucose.
The digestive system is a very intricate system of enzymes and other chemicals that work together to help break up our food into substances that our bodies can absorb and use. To explain it all a little better we will start from the beginning, the mouth. As we take food (Starch, protein, lipids) into our mouths we start the process with chewing which is a mechanical breakdown then salivary amylase which is in saliva combines with the chewed food. We then swallow forcing the food into the esophagus, where peristalsis the involuntary squeezing and relaxing of muscles propel food down to the stomach. When salivary amylase from the mouth reaches the stomach it starts to break down the carbohydrates into simple sugars. Once into the small intestine the chyme (the ball of food) then mixes with pancreatic amylase from the pancreas and bile from the liver. Further breakdown occurs when the chyme is mixed with “brush border enzymes.” After these things occur the broken down chemicals get absorbed along with water through the small intestine. Whatever is left gets pushed into the large intestine to where it will be expelled from the body.
Which of the following digestive regions is responsible for the propulsion of materials into the esophagus?