Farmers Who Often Carry Guns And Run Prisons

The cultural revolution is a strange period in Chinese history laced with intense struggle and anguish. The cultural revolution mobilized the all of society to compete for all opposing factions that they belonged to (Ong, 2016). Mao mobilized the young people of society during a background of political turmoil, which helped Mao to mobilize the students in order to enforce his political legitimacy and ideas (Ong, 2016). Mao’s charismatic authority created his personality cult and most defiantly leant a helping hand in mobilizing the red guard movement (Ong, 2016) (Weber, 1946) (Andreas, 2007). No matter which faction of the red guard they belonged to, they all mobilized against their common enemy; the better off, upper class. (Ong, 2016). Multiple ideologies within the youth led red guard movement explain why the movement gained momentum and became incredibly powerful (Walder, 2009).

At first these plans along with an extremely ingenious propaganda campaign stirred great optimism and productivity within the Chinese people, but as years went by the initial flare and excitement went out and few of these promises, reforms and goals had been reached. In some cases the promises were lies. The real actions of the Communist party showed quite a different picture than the lie of democracy that it was feeding the people. The new government never was a democratic one. As a matter of fact it was a dictatorship controlled by the China’s Communist Party (CCP). Throughout the years the communist government consistently and cruelly suppressed any attempts for the country’s democratization.

For the past century, Chinese society has felt a compulsive desire to develop at breakneck speeds. In pursuing development, China’s primary goal has been to display its sophistication to the world, rather than to directly aid the welfare of its citizens. Following this hierarchy of objectives, China has continued to relentlessly modernize despite enormous negative consequences; the development powered through famine during the Great Leap Forward, violence during the Cultural Revolution, and economic dislocation during liberalization, accepting negative consequences as bearable burdens on the path to global renown. Ignoring these issues, China has proven itself more responsive to international views of modernity than to immediate national

Today, in the oil-rich Xinjiang Province of Northwestern China, millions of Turkic-speaking Uyghurs live in constant fear. Beards and headscarves banned. Mosques barred from broadcasting the azan, the Islamic invocation of prayer. Unjustified rape of Uyghur women. Protesting for basic human rights gets you written on a list of pan-Turkist counter-revolutionaries. Receiving phone calls from foreign relatives gets you a visit from the secret police. And still, to the apparent dismay of the CCP, the ethnic identity of Uyghurs still exists, after decades of state-sponsored repression. Why do the Uyghurs vehemently oppose Han Chinese integration? Why has the CCP taken unprecedented steps to forcibly assimilate ethnic Chinese Muslims? The creation of a nationalist Han Chinese identity grounded in an atheist communist state in 1949 engendered conflicts with Chinese ethnic Muslim minorities, due to failed coercive integration and assimilation efforts and socioeconomic policy.

“But that revolution, which was a struggle of decades rather than a single year, was far different from its earlier Russian counterpart.” (Strayer, pg.782) The Chinese imperial rule collapsed in 1911, because of the increasing rise of demand from foreign imperialism. In Russia, where the talk of socialism was common among intellectuals for half a century or more before the revolution, the ideas of Karl Marx were barely known in China. It wasn’t until 1921 that a small Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded, aimed initially at organizing the country’s small urban working class. “While the Bolsheviks had found the majority of their followers among workers in Russia’s major cities, Chinese communists instead, looked to the country’s peasant villages for support. Chinese peasants did not rise up against their landlords, as Russian peasants had. But with years of guerrilla warfare, being able to pass land reform where there was communist control, the creation of a communist military force to protect liberated areas slowly gained for the CCP a growing measure of respect and support among China’s peasants.” (Strayer, pg.

The Chinese Communist Party, founded in 1921 after defeating the nationalist Kuomintang Party, monopolizes power over China. The government uses propaganda to falsely project an image of satisfied, motivated citizens and of a progressive country. Xi Jinping, China’s president, advocates for prosperity, reform, rule of law, and party building; however, China’s government is truly an authoritarian one-party state. Within its borders, expression and basic human rights are suppressed. The government is quick to detain human rights activists and limits access to outside communication. China is misleading when addressing its labor force and economy. So, as modern nations see the shortcomings of communism, China’s people

Ruled by the Chinese Communist Party for more than six decades, China remains a near authoritarian state, which violates numerous human rights in accordance to the U.N.’s human rights conduct daily, including freedom of expression, association, assembly, and religion. The unjust actions of the communist government is apparent to even to those who see it from the outside, the Chinese government continues to lie to its people about the state of its country and how “stable” they seem. In reality many reforms need to occur in order for the Chinese government to revert to a more humane state and until then china will remain a large enemy of human rights activists and a more equal country.

The role of the Chinese government in the Tiananmen Square protests went far beyond their military control and suppression; the government’s role

Even since China’s rapid development of the 1990’s, to this day there is still a large degree of unrest encompassing all it’s minority groups. One such group is the Uyghur people, of whom reside in China’s northwest region of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, more commonly referred to as the Xinjiang province. This minority group face a definite number of cultural, social, political and economic deficiencies and as a result have been said to of overseen over ten savage attacks in the

The United States and China have long had a complex relationship. The tension between the two powers is related to the communist regime in China. The United States and China have almost always been on opposing sides in a conflict such as the Korean War, the Tibetan uprise, or the race for nuclear weapons. However, just as the United States has grown in power, China has done the same. China is and always has been the most influential state in Asia. While it has been on the world stage for sometime, its economic and military power has been undermined by more pressing international events. As China’s rise becomes more apparent, many wonder what effects it will have on the global economy and whether it will lead to conflict between the United States and China. Through the exploration of realism, liberalism, and constructivism the consequences of China’s rise can be understood.

Once the CCP started governing China in the 1940s, it immediately planned to “liberate” Tibet—that is, “to incorporate Tibet into China” (Goldstein, 2006, P.148). In October 1950, the CCP failed to reach a compromise with the Dalai Lama with regards to Tibet’s “liberation,” and eventually invaded Tibet’s easternmost province (Goldstein, 2006, P.148). The Dalai Lama requested urgent help from the US, the United Nations (UN), and Western Europe (Goldstein, 2006, P.148). When none of the appeals were responsive, the Dalai Lama sent a representative to Beijing to negotiate Tibet’s autonomy (Goldstein, 2006, P.148). In May 1951 Tibet signed the “Seventeen-Point Agreement,” which claims to "reunite" Tibet with the Chinese "Motherland" (Sloane, 2002,

Growing up in the most populous country in the world, I have been taught that multi-ethnicity flourishes in China. Indeed, the smiling faces of the 55 ethnic minorities are engraved on our banknotes. It is not until last summer that my concern of ethnic minorities in China raised up from the bottom of my heart. When I read the autobiography of Dalai Lama, Freedom in Exile, I was shocked. Contrary to the joyful liberation of Tibetan people described in my high school textbook, Dalai Lama recalled his homeland being destroyed by the invasion of the Chinese army.

Within the communist regime, fear is the core of its system. Fear for protest, fear of losing the Mandate of Heaven, and fear of other religions such as Falun Gong. This can be one of the greatest fears of the CCP because the government thinks that these practitioners are planning a rebellion. The government, since 1999, has been cracking down on those who practice Falun Gong. The result from the Yellow Turbans to the White Lotus to the Boxers seems to serve notable examples of China’s fear. The record of history has shown that most Chinese individuals are in favor of political stability. The reason for protest most of the time comes from the state and Government repression. The suppression of the Falun Gong campaign has revealed weak spots

The Tibetan Plateau, a region unlike any other on Earth, in south central Asia stretches across western China into the distant Himalayas. At an average altitude of 12,000 feet, it is the most elevated region on Earth, and not only is it home to one of the most unique landscapes but also to one of the most unique cultures and people of the world, the Tibetans. Tibet has a rich history that can be dated back to almost 1300 years ago, almost all of which China has been involved in some way. This conflict can be traced back to the beginning of Tibet’s existence, and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) uses claims of historical suzerainty to defend there often questioned subjugation of Tibet. The tense conflict between the two states is nothing new and has consisted of everything from autonomy to harsh violence, the destruction of many of Tibet’s most salient monasteries, their religion and culture, and leaving thousands dead, and attracting the attention of many western powers for their human rights violations.

China came to realise that it was no longer at the centre of the world after being invaded multiple times by ‘barbarians’ from the outside who were stronger and possessed an intimidatingly sturdy culture and religion which threatened the Chinese culture and world order (Zhimin, 2005:38). China felt threatened and took to nationalism as a non-Chinese solution to the survival of China (Zhimin, 2005:38). However, “Chinese nationalism was a modern idea, seeping in from Europe. It was bolstered by the resentment of European imperialists, with their own ignorant and ruthless